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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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COPD
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occurs when: R. Ventricle working against resistance which causes R. Vent. hypertrophy.
looks like: RAD with low voltage amplitude in all leads. |
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is often associated with COPD
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Pulmonary Embolus
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-S1Q3T3 and ST depression in Lead II
-Associated with RAD (negative QRS in Lead I) -T wave inversion in V1-V4 |
May cause RBBB-usually subsides when patient improves (check for R R' in right chest leads)
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Hyperkalemia
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-P wave flattens
-QRS widens -T wave is peaked |
think-QRS widens due to increase time for ventricular depolarization!
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Hypokalemia
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-Flattened T waves, with extreme hypokalemia can cause inverted T waves
-U waves can appear (positive wave following T) |
THINK: T wave is a tent that houses K+-when there is a lot of K the tent spikes, when there is little it flattens out :)
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Hypercalcemia
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Shortened QT
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THINK-incrase in CA ions accelerates ventricular depolar/repolar leading to shortened QT
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Hypocalcemia
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Prolonged QT
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Digitalis Effect
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"DALI STACHE" unique downward curve of the ST segment.
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lowest part of ST segment drops below baseline.
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Excess Digitalis
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causes: AV blocks and can induce SA block
-atrial/junctional premature beats |
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Digitalis Toxicity
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-atrial and junctional foci are most easily irritated by digitalis, but with toxicity ventricular foci also fire.
can result in: PVC's, V FIb, V. Tachy, bigeminy/trigeminy, as well as atrial/junctional tachy-arrhythmias. |
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Quinidine
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occurs when: quinidine causes retarded de/repolarization of atrial and V myocardium.
looks like: Wide and notched P wave, Widened WRS complex, Prolgoned QT interval, ST depression, and U waves. |
can cause Torsades de pointes
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Demand Pacemaker
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is overdrive-suppressed by normal sinus pacing but will kick in if the normal sinus rhythm drops below the pacemakers inherent rate.
*programmed to reset with cycle-i.e. in case of a PVC, pacemaker will reset to start in with normal cycle |
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Types of pacemakers
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-Atrial pacing ( with failure of the SA node)
-P wave triggered pacing (with AV block, senses P wave and then triggers Ventricular Depolarization) -A-V sequential pacing (provides both stimulus for atrial depolarization and depolarizes ventricles) |
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Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
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instantly analyzes/treats most arrhythmias
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