Misc Terminology

Front 1

1) Dyspnea

2) Pneumothorax

3) Pleural Effusion

Back 1

1) Difficulty in Breathing

2) an abnormal collection of air/gas in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall. It is often called collapsed lung

3) Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity.

Front 2

1) Acute

2) Hemothorax

3) Hydothorax

4) Hemopneumothorax

Back 2

1) Recent onset, short term, sometimes severe.
2) Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity; often result of injury to thoracic wall.

3) Accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity; may result from pleural effusion.

4)Presence of both air & blood in pleural cavity

Front 3

1) Heart failure

2) Tachycardia

Back 3

1) Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet needs of tissues.

2) Faster than normal (60-100 bpm) heart rate at rest (AKA >100bpm).

Front 4

1) Arrhythmia
2) Hyperpnea

3) Erythrocytosis

Back 4

1) Abnormal heart rhythm
2) Hyperventilating

3) excess red blood cells

Front 5

1) Pulmonary Edema

2) Petechia

Back 5

1) Fluid congestion in the lungs; fluid retention

2) red/purple spots on body due to broken capillaries (possibly due to scurvy, an ascorbate deficiency)

Front 6

1) Uremia

2)

Back 6

1) Blood in the urine

2)

Front 7

1) Renal Failure

2) Uremia

Back 7

1) Kidney failure

2) Urine in the blood

Front 8

Teleology

Back 8

The study of ends or purposes.
-Teleology holds that all natural phenomena are determined by overall purpose in nature.

Front 9

Feed-forward

Back 9

Feed-forward exists whenever a "side-branch" in a cause-and-effect sequence influencesthe magnitude of a subsequent event in the same sequence.
Ex: Glucose increases glucokinase activity (by an allosteric effect and also bystimulating glucokinase synthesis). Blood glucose causes insulin release from the pancreas, and insulin increasesglucokinase activity.

Front 10

1) Hypoxia

2)

Back 10

1) Lack of oxygen

2)

Front 11

Emphysema

Back 11

Obstructive lung disease;
-Emphysema gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs, making you progressively more short of breath. Emphysema is one of several diseases known collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema.Your lungs' alveoli are clustered like bunches of grapes. In emphysema, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and eventually rupture — creating one larger air space instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream.When you exhale, the damaged alveoli don't work properly and old air becomes trapped, leaving no room for fresh, oxygen-rich air to enter. Treatment may slow the progression of emphysema, but it can't reverse the damage.

Front 12

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Back 12

Develops when cells in the body are unable to get the sugar (glucose) they need for energy because there is not enough insulin.When the sugar cannot get into the cells, it stays in the blood. The kidneys filter some of the sugar from the blood and remove it from the body through urine.Because the cells cannot receive sugar for energy, the body begins to break down fat and muscle for energy. When this happens, ketones, or fatty acids, are produced and enter the bloodstream, causing the chemical imbalance (metabolic acidosis) called diabetic ketoacidosis.
-Ketoacidosis can be caused by not getting enough insulin, having a severe infection or other illness, becoming severely dehydrated, or some combination of these things.

Front 13

Lactic acidosis

Back 13

low pH in body tissues and blood (acidosis) accompanied by the buildup of lactate, especially L-lactate, and is considered a distinct form of metabolic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is characterized by lactate levels >5 mmol/L and serum pH <7.35.

Front 14

Aldosterodism

Back 14

type of hormonal disorder that leads to high blood pressure. Your adrenal glands produce a number of essential hormones. One of these is aldosterone, which balances sodium and potassium in your blood.In primary aldosteronism, your adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, causing you to lose potassium and retain sodium. The excess sodium in turn holds onto water, increasing your blood volume and blood pressure.

Front 15

Kussmaul Breathing

Back 15

A deep & labored breathing pattern often associated w/ severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure; A form of hyperventilation (any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration).
-Kussmaul breathing is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Front 16

1) Paresthesia

2) Dysphagia

Back 16

Numbness/tingling due to compromising spinal nn. or tracks in spinal cord.

2) Difficult swallowing.

Front 17

1) Cardiac Tamponade

2) What is it treated using?

Back 17

1) Pericardial cavity fills w/ abnormal volume of fluid (usually blood), often due to blunt trauma to anterior chest. Fibrous pericardium is fairly inelastic so the excessive pericardial cavity volume externally compresses the heart which reduces chamber volume, stroke volume, and thus cardiac output.
2) Treated by pericardial tap (or pericardiocentesis).

Front 18

1) Ataxia
2) Dystonia
3) Hypotonia
4) Optic atrophy
5) Ophthalmoplegia
6) Apneia

Back 18

1) Poor coordination & unsteadiness
2) Involuntary, twisting movements
3) Poor muscle tone
4) Degeneration of optic nerve
5) Inability to move eyes
6) Not breathing

Front 19

1) Clinodactyly
2) Polydactyly
3) Holoprosencephaly
4) Dispermy
5) Hypertelorism

Back 19

1) Incurved 5th finger
2) Extra fingers
3) Failure of brain to form 2 cerebral hemispheres (Ex: In Trisomy 13 = Patau syndrome)
4) Fertilization of egg by 1+ sperm
5) an abnormally increased distance between two organs or bodily parts, usually referring to an increased distance between the orbits (eyes), or orbital hypertelorism