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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
nocturia
excessive urination at night.
it may be a symptom of renal or prostatic disease or bladder outlet obstruction.
melena
abnormal black tarry stool that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood.
it usually results from bleeding in the upper GI tract and is often a sign of peptic ulcer or small bowel disease.
claudication
cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles.
commonly associated with atherosclerosis.
afebrile
without fever
febrile
fever.
aka pyrexia.
pulse deficit
apical pulse - peripheral pulse
eupnea
normal respiration
orthopnea
type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when the patient sits or stands
BP
force of blood against arterial walls
systolic pressure
height of BP when ventricles contract
diastolic pressure
BP when ventricles relax
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
hemoglobin
substance in RBC that transports mostly oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
consists of protein globin and iron-containing pigment heme.
thrombus
blood clot
embolus
traveling blood clot
perfusion
flow of blood through tissue
rubor
bluish-red discoloration.
looks like bruise, but is not.
hyperemia
an excess of blood in body part caused by increased blood flow.
caused by inflammatory response, local relaxation of arterioles or obstruction of the outflow of blood from an area.
overlying skin is warm and red.
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin.
clubbing
abnormal enlargement of distal phalanges.
caused by significant lack of oxygen in blood.
usually associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease
cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
polycythemia
increase in RBC.
may be primary or secondary to pulmonary disease, heart disease or prolonged exposure to high altitudes or may be idiopathic.
ischemia
lack of sufficient blood to a body part due to a obstruction or constriction of a blood vessel
dyslipidemia
abnormality in or abnormal amounts of lipids and lipoproteins in blood
raynaud's phenomenon
intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities (fingers, toes, ears, noes) caused by cold or emotional stimuli.
attacks consist of extreme blanching, then cyanosis, redness, numbness, tingling, burning, pain.
restored by heat.
homans' sign
pain in the calf with dorsiflexion of the foot.
indicates thrombophlebitis or thombosis.
precordium
region in front of the heart
heart auscultation
aortic location
right sternal border
2nd ICS
heart auscultation
pulmonic location
left sternal border
2nd ICS
heart auscultation
tricuspid location
left sternal border
5th ICS
heart auscultation
mitral (or apical) location
midclavicular line
5th ICS
PMI
point of maximal impulse.
normal is no pulsation palpable over aortic and pulmonic locations with a palpable apical impulse.
pneumothorax
lung condition caused by air in the pleural space
dermis
underlying portion of skin
epidermis
superficial portion of skin
caries
cavities of teeth
cerumen
ear wax
gingivitis
inflammation of the gingivae (gums)
integument
skin
necrosis
cell death
pediculosis
infestation with lice
plaque
clear, adhesive coating on teeth made up of mucin, carbohydrate and bacteria
tartar
hard deposit on teeth near gum line formed by plaque buildup and dead bacteria
decubitus
bedsore
prepuce
foreskin
thrush
fungal infection in mouth
CVA
cerebrovascular accident or stroke.
embolus, thrombus or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or vasospasm in brain resulting in ischemia.
dysphagia
difficult swallowing
mastication
chewing
fowler's position
patient's head of bed is raised 45-60 degrees and knees are slightly elevated
degenerative joint disease
(DJD)
form of arthritis where joints undergo degenerative changes.
most common form of arthritis.
aka osteoarthritis.
coronary artery disease
(CAD)
an abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produce various pathologic effects, esp. the reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium.
most common kind is coronary atherosclerosis.
petechiae
tiny purple or red spots on skin because of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or submucosal layers.
sing. petechia
albumin
plasma protein produced by liver.
smallest and most numerous of blood plasma proteins.
transports proteins for several steriod hormones and for fatty acids.
multiple sclerosis
(MS)
progressive disease characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord.
severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS)
an infectious respiratory disorder characterized by fever over 38C, dry cough and breathing difficulty.
spread by close contact by inhaling droplets.
depression
an abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, emptiness and hoplessness that are inappropriate and out of proportion to reality.
paget's disease
a common nonmetabolic disease of bone affected middle-aged and elderly people.
cause unknown.
characterized by excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone repair.
hemorrhoids
mass of dilated veins in swollen tissue at anus or nearby within rectum
nursing diagnosis
describes pt's problems that nurses can treat independently.
not statements of pt needs.
may change day-to-day.
medical diagnosis identify diseases, nursing diagnosis focus on unhealthy responses to health and illness.
cystitis
an inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder and ureters, characterized by pain, urgency and frequency of urination and hematuria.
laparoscopy
a technique to examine the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually a the umbilicus.
right upper quadrant
duodenum, liver, r/kidney and adrenal gland, head of pancreas
left upper quadrant
stomach, spleen, l/kidney and adrenal gland, body of pancreas
right lower quadrant
cecum, appendix
left lower quadrant
sigmoid colon
hematocrit
volume of RBC packed by centrifugation in a given volume of blood. measures plasma proteins.
renal calculi
kidney stones
concentration of minerals and organic materials in kidneys
chorea
any of various nervous disorders of infectious or organic origin marked by spasmodic movements of the limbs and facial muscles and by incoordination
athetosis
a nervous disorder that is marked by continual slow movements especially of the extremities and is usually due to a brain lesion
dystonia
a state of disordered tonicity of tissues (as of muscle)
fasciculations
muscular twitching involving the simultaneous contraction of contiguous groups of muscle fibers
myoclonus
irregular involuntary contraction of a muscle usually resulting from functional disorder of controlling motor neurons
urticaria
hives
pruritis
itching