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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nocturia
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excessive urination at night.
it may be a symptom of renal or prostatic disease or bladder outlet obstruction. |
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melena
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abnormal black tarry stool that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood.
it usually results from bleeding in the upper GI tract and is often a sign of peptic ulcer or small bowel disease. |
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claudication
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cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles.
commonly associated with atherosclerosis. |
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afebrile
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without fever
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febrile
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fever.
aka pyrexia. |
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pulse deficit
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apical pulse - peripheral pulse
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eupnea
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normal respiration
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orthopnea
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type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when the patient sits or stands
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BP
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force of blood against arterial walls
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systolic pressure
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height of BP when ventricles contract
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diastolic pressure
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BP when ventricles relax
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pulse pressure
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difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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hemoglobin
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substance in RBC that transports mostly oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
consists of protein globin and iron-containing pigment heme. |
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thrombus
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blood clot
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embolus
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traveling blood clot
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perfusion
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flow of blood through tissue
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rubor
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bluish-red discoloration.
looks like bruise, but is not. |
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hyperemia
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an excess of blood in body part caused by increased blood flow.
caused by inflammatory response, local relaxation of arterioles or obstruction of the outflow of blood from an area. overlying skin is warm and red. |
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cyanosis
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bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin.
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clubbing
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abnormal enlargement of distal phalanges.
caused by significant lack of oxygen in blood. usually associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease |
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cardiac output
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heart rate x stroke volume
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polycythemia
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increase in RBC.
may be primary or secondary to pulmonary disease, heart disease or prolonged exposure to high altitudes or may be idiopathic. |
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ischemia
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lack of sufficient blood to a body part due to a obstruction or constriction of a blood vessel
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dyslipidemia
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abnormality in or abnormal amounts of lipids and lipoproteins in blood
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raynaud's phenomenon
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intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities (fingers, toes, ears, noes) caused by cold or emotional stimuli.
attacks consist of extreme blanching, then cyanosis, redness, numbness, tingling, burning, pain. restored by heat. |
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homans' sign
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pain in the calf with dorsiflexion of the foot.
indicates thrombophlebitis or thombosis. |
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precordium
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region in front of the heart
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heart auscultation
aortic location |
right sternal border
2nd ICS |
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heart auscultation
pulmonic location |
left sternal border
2nd ICS |
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heart auscultation
tricuspid location |
left sternal border
5th ICS |
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heart auscultation
mitral (or apical) location |
midclavicular line
5th ICS |
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PMI
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point of maximal impulse.
normal is no pulsation palpable over aortic and pulmonic locations with a palpable apical impulse. |
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pneumothorax
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lung condition caused by air in the pleural space
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dermis
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underlying portion of skin
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epidermis
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superficial portion of skin
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caries
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cavities of teeth
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cerumen
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ear wax
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gingivae (gums)
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integument
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skin
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necrosis
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cell death
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pediculosis
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infestation with lice
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plaque
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clear, adhesive coating on teeth made up of mucin, carbohydrate and bacteria
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tartar
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hard deposit on teeth near gum line formed by plaque buildup and dead bacteria
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decubitus
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bedsore
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prepuce
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foreskin
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thrush
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fungal infection in mouth
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident or stroke.
embolus, thrombus or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or vasospasm in brain resulting in ischemia. |
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dysphagia
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difficult swallowing
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mastication
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chewing
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fowler's position
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patient's head of bed is raised 45-60 degrees and knees are slightly elevated
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degenerative joint disease
(DJD) |
form of arthritis where joints undergo degenerative changes.
most common form of arthritis. aka osteoarthritis. |
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coronary artery disease
(CAD) |
an abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produce various pathologic effects, esp. the reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium.
most common kind is coronary atherosclerosis. |
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petechiae
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tiny purple or red spots on skin because of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or submucosal layers.
sing. petechia |
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albumin
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plasma protein produced by liver.
smallest and most numerous of blood plasma proteins. transports proteins for several steriod hormones and for fatty acids. |
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multiple sclerosis
(MS) |
progressive disease characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord.
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severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) |
an infectious respiratory disorder characterized by fever over 38C, dry cough and breathing difficulty.
spread by close contact by inhaling droplets. |
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depression
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an abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, emptiness and hoplessness that are inappropriate and out of proportion to reality.
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paget's disease
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a common nonmetabolic disease of bone affected middle-aged and elderly people.
cause unknown. characterized by excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone repair. |
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hemorrhoids
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mass of dilated veins in swollen tissue at anus or nearby within rectum
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nursing diagnosis
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describes pt's problems that nurses can treat independently.
not statements of pt needs. may change day-to-day. medical diagnosis identify diseases, nursing diagnosis focus on unhealthy responses to health and illness. |
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cystitis
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an inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder and ureters, characterized by pain, urgency and frequency of urination and hematuria.
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laparoscopy
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a technique to examine the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually a the umbilicus.
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right upper quadrant
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duodenum, liver, r/kidney and adrenal gland, head of pancreas
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left upper quadrant
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stomach, spleen, l/kidney and adrenal gland, body of pancreas
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right lower quadrant
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cecum, appendix
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left lower quadrant
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sigmoid colon
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hematocrit
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volume of RBC packed by centrifugation in a given volume of blood. measures plasma proteins.
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renal calculi
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kidney stones
concentration of minerals and organic materials in kidneys |
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chorea
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any of various nervous disorders of infectious or organic origin marked by spasmodic movements of the limbs and facial muscles and by incoordination
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athetosis
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a nervous disorder that is marked by continual slow movements especially of the extremities and is usually due to a brain lesion
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dystonia
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a state of disordered tonicity of tissues (as of muscle)
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fasciculations
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muscular twitching involving the simultaneous contraction of contiguous groups of muscle fibers
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myoclonus
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irregular involuntary contraction of a muscle usually resulting from functional disorder of controlling motor neurons
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urticaria
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hives
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pruritis
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itching
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