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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Iinformation Systems help?
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organiation
1.make money 2.spend less 3.provide product or service more effectively |
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5 components of an IS
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Hardware---
Programs---- IT Data---- Procedures The top ones are more difficult and are also more automative People |
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Dees project
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organization background
project background project team |
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Most important component of IS
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People, their minds and thinking
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Things to think about
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Why was it created
Competitive advantage What should it do Requirements How will it work Technology How will it be managed It and Project Management |
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Broad types of IS
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Vertical, Horizontal, or One of a Kind
Process vs. Data centric Level of Automation |
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Moore's Law
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Principle reason why data storage and data transmitions are almost free today. "The speed of a comp chip doubles in size every 18 months"
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IT
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methods, inventions, standards and products. The raw technology. Only concerns hardware software and data of IS
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Competitive Strategy
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A strategy specifically designed to achieve competitive advantage
Defined in response to industry environment and current business environment |
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SMART
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Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Timely
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Industry Structure Model 5 forces
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Customers, New vendors, Supliers, Rivals, Substitute Vendor
These are threats if substitutes, if vendor or customer there is bargaining that takes place |
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Competitive strategy model
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Cost Different
Industry Wide Walmart Target Focus Old Navy Nordstorm |
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Buisness Model
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spells out how a company makes money
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System Implementations
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Lock in customers and buyers
Lock in suppliers Raise Barriers to market entry Establish alliance Reduce costs |
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Switching Costs
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Locks in suppliers and customers by making it difficult to switch to another.
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Value Chain Model
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Look in book p.48
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Competitive Advantage
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Using Product and system implementations to get somewhere.
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Linkage
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Interactions across value activities(value chain)
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Support Activities
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Human Resources
Accounting and infrastructure Procurement and Technology |
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Primary activities
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Marketing and sales
Inbound logistics Operations or Manufacturing Outbound Logistics Service and support |
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margin
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a net benifit
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Requirement
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One of the critical drivers in large-scale IS development, which typically involves trade-offs with cost and time
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SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)
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Business Planning Process
(Look on slides again for each defin) System Definition (Requirements) Requirements Analysis Component design Implementation (Users use then) System Maintenance (this goes back up to definition when go through the flow |
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Uses of SDLC
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Develop a new IS
Evaluate, select, and implement off-the-shelf IS Maintain existing IS |
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scope
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is the sum total of all of its requirements and features
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Problems with SDLC
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Waterfall( the nature of SDLC is like a waterfall going down each step but sometimes you need to go back up)
Requirement Documentation(if you get backed up can go into analysis paralysis) Scheduling and budget |
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Brooke's Law
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Adding new people to a late project makes the project later. (Nine women cannot make a baby in 1 month)
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System Definition
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1.Define system goals and scope 2.access feasibility (cost schedule
technical 3.Form project team 4.Plan Project 1.Requirments 2.Project management |
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Scope
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Defines the boundaries of the information system
Defines the intended purpose and functionality of the system Represents the grand total of all the requirements |
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Purpose of system scope
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1. Estimate
Resources Schedule Cost 2. Manage Changes Approval Sign-off |
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Scope requirement Techniques
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-Context Diagram
-Data Subjects -Process Definitions -Business-Level Use Case Definitions |
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Context
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represents the application, major module, or technology toolset that is the key basis of the project
encompasses specific and unique business requirements |
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context diagram
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defines the main focus of the project and the major components that relate to it
relationships may include actors, roles, and departments as well as relationships to other applications |
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external
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represents anything that interacts with the context
may include a role, department, organization or other applications may be depicted as explicitly in scope or out of scope |
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interaction
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a relationship between an external and the context
define high-level data or screen access rights for user-oriented interactions define high-level application interfaces for system-oriented interactions |
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Process Definition
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Initial high-level definition of activities that provide value to an organization
Based on current or planned organizational operations |
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Use case
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Initial definition of high-level functionality provided by a system
Based on interactions defined in the context diagram |
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Data Subject Areas
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Identify and describe key data subjects
Establish which data subjects are in scope versus out of scope Define which data subjects will be maintained versus referenced |
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Scope Creep
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Uncontrolled changes in a project's scope. This phenomenon can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled. It is generally considered a negative occurrence that is to be avoided.
Typically, the scope increase consists of either new products or new features of already approved product designs, without corresponding increases in resources, schedule, or budget. As a result, the project team risks drifting away from its original purpose and scope into unplanned additions. |
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Types of scope creep
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Hope Creep
Schedule Creep Feature Creep Management Creep |
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Project Scope
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Users
Processes Functionality Data |
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Business process
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A network of activities, resources, facilities, and information to achieve some business function
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Activities
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transform resources and information of one type into resources and information of another type
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Facilities
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Structures used within the business process. Are inventories and databases! as well as factories equipm. trucks, and other things in a factory.
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Smart Data Information
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Sufficient
worth Money Accurate Relevant to context and subject timely |
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Process Automation Options
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Grocery Store Check-Out
Fully Manual Partially Automated Fully Automated |
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Business Processes define:
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the context in which an IS will be used, and/or
the requirements an IS must support |
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Process requirements
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Client Search
Client Detail Special Request Equipment Search Equipment Detail Equipment Assignment and Return |
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wireframe
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identifies a screen that may be used to enter, update, or view information
includes data elements and screen controls available to a user Will be refined with look-and-feel, navigation, and security specifies interactivity |
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use case
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identifies a single piece of meaningful application functionality
may be accessible to a user directly from a wireframe may be executed indirectly (i.e., system functionality) Identifies and specifies functionality |
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use case diagram
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displays wireframes, use cases, and the relationships between them
represents a functional overview of an application defines navigational flow of an application |
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Use Case analysis
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Stay within scope
Look for reusable functionality Look for redundant functionality and user interfaces Identify Security Rights |
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database
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collection of records..
The structure is achieved by organizing the data according to a database model. The model in most common use today is the relational model |
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column/row (other name)
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fields/records
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Data requirements
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for new system
Analyze existing reports, forms, and user activities Must include all data necessary for users to perform their activities Contains only that amount of data, and no more (i.e., data is SMART) Developers rely on users to: Tell them what to include in database Check data model Verify DB correctness and completeness |
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Data model
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In developing a database
they find new requirements then Requirements summarized in data model Logical representation of structure of data Contains description of data and relationships |
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metadata
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special data that describes the structure of the database.
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Primary Key
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Top row in a file that lists name addres...
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Foreign Key
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Columns that fulfill a role like Student Name.
These columns are keys for different (foriegn) tables in which they reside. They have a relationship between tables that carry data and using for. keys. |
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Test Question**
Order of Wireframe steps |
Identify the screens that an IS needs
Define the look-and-feel and navigation of those screens Define the controls on those screens |
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Database Management Systems
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a program used to create process and administer a database
(DB2, Access, SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL) |
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SQL (Structured Query Language)
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international standard language for processing a database.
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Query-
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Finds records, by typing in keyword for what your looking for
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Report-
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Show data in a structured context
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