Mis Test 1 For George Easton Fall 2011

Front 1

digital native

Back 1

a person who has grown up with digital technology such as computers, the Internet, mobile phones and MP3

Front 2

product

Back 2

something that has been made to be sold; commonly it is produced by an industrial process

Front 3

service

Back 3

the act of dealing with a customer to provide help or assistance, such as taking an order or providing transportation

Front 4

information technology

Back 4

any computer-based tool used to create, manage and disperse information

Front 5

computer

Back 5

is an electronic machine or device that can be programmed to perform different tasks

Front 6

hardware

Back 6

all of the equipment attached to a computer including the computer itself

Front 7

input devices

Back 7

used to allow the user to enter data or instructions into the computer. Common examples are the mouse, keyboard, microphone and scanners.

Front 8

Output devices

Back 8

convert information and data inside the computer into a format that is accessible to the user. Common examples include a computer screen or monitor, printers and speakers.

Front 9

Storage devices

Back 9

used to hold data and instructions for future use. HArd disks, USB drives, CDs, DVDS

Front 10

Communications devices

Back 10

allow a computer to send data and information to the other computers and to receive data and information from other computers. Modems, routers, USB wireless adapters, cables and network interface cards

Front 11

system unit

Back 11

the case or container that holds the electronic components, like the CPU, that make up the computer

Front 12

software

Back 12

set of instructions, or programs, that tell the computer what to do

Front 13

system software

Back 13

provides basic instructions so that the equipment knows how to operate and work together

Front 14

applications software

Back 14

written to perform specific business tasks

Front 15

information processing cycle

Back 15

Data comes into the processor through a variety of input devices, following the instructions in the software program, the processor performs the required steps to produce the desire output. The results of the software program can be sent to a variety of output devices, as well as to a variety of storage devices.

Front 16

information system includes:

Back 16

hardware, software, networks, people, procedures, and data necessary to accomplish the task

Front 17

knowledge worker

Back 17

a person who is involved in the creation, distribution and application of information

Front 18

systems analysts

Back 18

analyze and design information systems to solve business problems. Works with groups of users and other IT specialists to determine problem and devise solution

Front 19

software developer/ application programmers

Back 19

take the specifications for an information system, which were prepared by the analyst, and develop the programming logic and code to build the actual system

Front 20

web developers

Back 20

analyze, design, and create internet-based systems, including e-commerce systems

Front 21

database administrators

Back 21

design, build and maintain corporate databases. This includes ensuring data security and privacy, along with integrity of all data

Front 22

Network engineers

Back 22

design, build, and maintain the information technology networks used by a business.

Front 23

computer center operators

Back 23

schedule and monitor different computer program operations, perform system backups, diagnose and fix hardware problems

Front 24

quality assurance analysts/testers

Back 24

develop and implement software test plans to ensure that systems meet the desired specifications, perform as needed, and are free of defects

Front 25

technical trainers

Back 25

develop training programs including specific training lessons and materials.

Front 26

information security specialists

Back 26

perform risk assessments and security audits. Based on results they create security policies and procedures and make recommendations for enhancing security

Front 27

computer operations managers

Back 27

responsible for ensuring that all the computer systems within an organization are functioning as needed

Front 28

project managers

Back 28

responsible for allocating resources (money, people, time and equipment) to various IT projects. Monitor projects to ensure they stay on schedule, on budget and meet the needs of client

Front 29

Director of Information Technology

Back 29

responsible for managing the day-to-day information technology operations within an organization. Serve as liaison between the nontechnical departments and the IT department

Front 30

Chief Information Officers (CIO)

Back 30

are responsible for planning and overseeing the overall information technology strategy. Provide leadership to all IT staff and make recommendations to other senior managers regarding technology initiatives

Front 31

hardware

Back 31

computer and peripheral equipment for input, output, storage

Front 32

software

Back 32

programs that tell the computer equipment what to do

Front 33

data

Back 33

inputs into the computer system. Many systems will store the data in a database, which is an organized collection of data

Front 34

people

Back 34

users and information systems professionals

Front 35

procedures

Back 35

policies within a company that form the basis for the logic in the programs

Front 36

networks

Back 36

specialized hardware and software that allows different computers to connect with each other to share data, software and other hardware resources

Front 37

functions an information system performs

Back 37

1. Capture input
2. Process- transform input into output
3. Convey output
4. Collect feedback- data about the performances of the system
5. Control- monitoring, analyzing, and making the necessary adjustments

Front 38

information

Back 38

data that has been organized, manipulated, or processed

Front 39

data

Back 39

raw facts that are collected and stored

Front 40

internal information

Back 40

produced by the company through the normal course of business operations,

Front 41

external information

Back 41

comes from outside an organization- interest rates, economic indicators of projected growth, employment projections

Front 42

information must be:

Back 42

1. Accurate
2. Complete
3. Economical
4. Relevant
5. Timely
6. Verifiable
7. Accessible

Front 43

non-management employees

Back 43

Need information to make quick, structure decisions to perform their job
examples: office workers, production, and sales clerks
level 1 of the pyramid (the base)

Front 44

Operational management

Back 44

need information to make structured, short range, and day to day decisions
examples: manager, supervisor, and foreman
Level 2 of the pyramid

Front 45

tactical management

Back 45

needs information to monitor and control activities within their department
examples: "middle management" include project manager and department manager
level 3 of the pyramid

Front 46

strategic management

Back 46

Need information to develop and monitor the overall strategy, goals, and objectives for the organization
examples: deciding to build a new factory or discontinue an existing product line
level 4 of the pyramid (the top)

Front 47

organizational structure

Back 47

the way their various parts are arranged to accomplish their work

Front 48

functional structure

Back 48

the most basic structure, groups together employees performing similar tasks

Front 49

divisional structure

Back 49

employees are grouped together based on the product to which they are assigned

Front 50

matrix structure

Back 50

employees are assigned to a functional area, but then are also assigned into a cross-functional team or work group with people from other functional areas, and collectively these groups work on specific products or services

Front 51

team-based structures

Back 51

use cross-functional teams working on specific projects

Front 52

office automation system (OAS)

Back 52

improve productivity by supporting generic, daily work activities of employees. Presentation or documents, calendars, sending emails, etc.

Front 53

transaction processing systems (TPS)

Back 53

designed to support the routine business transactions in a business. A transaction is a business interaction between two parties.

Front 54

management information systems (MIS)

Back 54

support decision making activities through information and reporting capabilities

Front 55

detailed report

Back 55

shows details of transactions such as a daily sales report

Front 56

summary report

Back 56

provides a consolidated view of the transaction data such as a monthly payroll by division report

Front 57

exception report

Back 57

shows transactions that fall outside of normal bounds

Front 58

decision support systems (DSS)

Back 58

help users analyze data to make decisions.

Front 59

group decision support systems (GDSS)

Back 59

designed to provide tools that support groups or teams of people working together to accomplish business tasks

Front 60

executive information systems (EIS) or executive support systems (ESS)

Back 60

provide information in support of strategic decisions. An interactive system that initially displays graphic, summarized information showing ratios or trends

Front 61

expert system (ES)

Back 61

provide expert advice fora variety of situations

Front 62

enterprise wide system

Back 62

designed to integrate information across different functional business areas

Front 63

supply chain management systems (SCM)

Back 63

track inventory and information related to creating products

Front 64

customer relationship management systems (CRM)

Back 64

help businesses build and maintain long-term, profitable relationships with their customers

Front 65

enterprise resource planning system (ERP)

Back 65

help manage business operations by integrating production proceses into one centralized system

Front 66

electronic funds transfer (EFT)

Back 66

electronically transfer cash from one bank account to another

Front 67

computer aided design (CAD)

Back 67

decrease the time needed by engineers and designers to develop new products including cars, airplanes, buildings and bridges

Front 68

computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

Back 68

systems can support manufacturing by determining machine settings, production line layouts, and automating the manufacturing process through robotics

Front 69

supply chain management systems

Back 69

used to more effectively manage the delivery of items from suppliers to the company

Front 70

systems development

Back 70

a set of activities designed to produce an information system that solves a business problem or meets a business need

Front 71

Steps in the system development life cycle

Back 71

1.Planning
2.Analysis
3.Design
4.Implementation
5.Support

Front 72

project team

Back 72

The group of different people involved in the development of an information system. Usually consists of user representatives from departments that will use the system, the project leader, the systems analyst, and other IT technical specialists

Front 73

project leader

Back 73

the person in charge of the entire project

Front 74

systems analyst

Back 74

responsible for analyzing, designing and developing the information system

Front 75

user representatives

Back 75

people that will use the system, they ensure the final product is correct

Front 76

project management

Back 76

involves planning, scheduling and controlling the activities involved in developing a system

Front 77

project plan

Back 77

a document that explains what the new system will do, what tasks are needed, how long it will take and how much it will cost to build

Front 78

project scope

Back 78

sets the boundaries on what will be done

Front 79

Gantt chart

Back 79

A tool used to create and manage the project schedule. A bar chart that identifies tasks and deadlines

Front 80

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Chart

Back 80

a tool used where you identify the shortest possible time, most likely time, and longest possible time for each activity. A formula is then used to arrive at a single time estimate

Front 81

critical path

Back 81

the tasks in a project that depend on each other, and collectively determine the length of the whole project

Front 82

project management software

Back 82

used to help automate the tasks associated with managing the project

Front 83

scope creep

Back 83

when new requirements are added to an already approved project. Can cause many problems including delaying the completion date and cost more than anticipated

Front 84

business case

Back 84

identifies what the organization will gain from the project along with the expected costs and limitations

Front 85

feasibility analysis

Back 85

helps the organization determine if the project is worth doing

Front 86

technical feasibility

Back 86

do we have the technical skills to be able to build this system?

Front 87

economic feasibility

Back 87

will the benefits gained from the system outweigh the costs to build and operate the system?

Front 88

organizational feasibility

Back 88

how easily will the users adapt to the new system? will the system be disruptive to existing organizational processes?

Front 89

schedule feasibility

Back 89

can we build the system within an acceptable time frame?

Front 90

fact-finding techniques

Back 90

ways that the systems analyst gather the needed data and information

Front 91

interviewing

Back 91

the most important and common technique used to gather information

Front 92

joint application design (JAD)

Back 92

the analyst will meet with a small group of users who provide input to the analyst

Front 93

planning phase

Back 93

answers the general questions of what problem is being solved, is the solution feasible, and how long will it take?

Front 94

project development phase

Back 94

the output of the planning phase, includes:
1) a statement of work (SOW) which identifies the problem to be solved
2)estimates of project feasibility
3)identification of the project team and resources required
4)project schedule

Front 95

analysis phase

Back 95

1)identify what the new system needs to do
2)create models of the data, processing and logic needs for the new system
3)recommend the best approach to develop the new system

Front 96

system proposal

Back 96

will detail the concept of "what" the new system will do, along with possible approaches to developing the new system

Front 97

system requirements

Back 97

the detailed set of features that must be included in the new system

Front 98

prototyping

Back 98

the analyst and users create an initial version of the system

Front 99

data modeling

Back 99

a technique for representing the structure of the data in the system

Front 100

entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

Back 100

a tool that is used to graphically represent the structure of the data

Front 101

process modeling

Back 101

a technique used for representing how the business operates

Front 102

data flow diagram (DFD)

Back 102

a tool that is used to graphically show the inputs, process, outputs and data storage of a system on one diagram

Front 103

logic modeling

Back 103

captures specific details about the decision logic that is used in different business tasks

Front 104

decision tree

Back 104

graphically shows conditions and the result actions

Front 105

decision table

Back 105

represents the conditions and actions in a tabular format

Front 106

"make or buy" decision

Back 106

should weigh the advantages and disadvantages relative to the specifics of the information system under development

Front 107

packaged software

Back 107

systems that have already been written and are available for purchase

Front 108

in-house development

Back 108

when an organization has experienced staff that write the program themselves

Front 109

outsource

Back 109

contract with another company to develop an information system

Front 110

design phase

Back 110

establishes how the new system will work by translating the requirements into detailed design specifications:
1) inputs and outputs
2) user interfaces
3) databases
4) programs
5) infrastructure

Front 111

data dictionary

Back 111

a tool used to record the name, description and characteristics about the data used in an information system

Front 112

implementation phase

Back 112

project team turns these specifications into a working system by accomplishing the following activities:
1) acquire any needed hardware and software components
2) write software programs
3) test the system
4) train users
5) convert to the new system

Front 113

unit test

Back 113

ensures that each individual program operates reliably and correctly by itself

Front 114

system test

Back 114

ensures that the different programs work correctly together

Front 115

acceptance tests

Back 115

ensure that the system aas a whole meets the needs of the business, and works correctly with the actual data from the business

Front 116

training

Back 116

teaching the users how to use the hardware and software in the new system

Front 117

system conversion

Back 117

the process of switching from an old information to the newly developed information system

Front 118

parallel conversion

Back 118

the organization puts in the new system while continuing to run the old system

Front 119

direct conversion

Back 119

the organization installs the new system and then turns off the old system

Front 120

pilot conversion

Back 120

involves implementing the complete system in a small part of the organization such as one department or one division

Front 121

phased conversion

Back 121

the new system is installed in phases across the organization. For example the inventory modules may be installed first and the payroll module installed later

Front 122

support phase

Back 122

this is when the project team is no longer responsible for the system and it is handed over to the support team

Front 123

system maintenance

Back 123

the support team provides this to ensure that the entire system, including all hardware and software components, is operating correctly

Front 124

end-user development

Back 124

an approach to building a system by and for the users

Front 125

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Back 125

approach was designed to determine systems requirements and convert those requirements in to a working system as fast as possible

Front 126

object-oriented (OO) software development

Back 126

System is modeled as a collection of interacting objects. Objects represent real-world entities such as customers, products and employees