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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microcomputer
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Personal computers
Laptops, PCs, professional workstations, personal use, etc. |
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Workstation
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A powerful, networked PC for business professionals
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Network Server
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More powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small networks
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Computer Terminals
Dumb Terminals Intelligent Terminals |
Any device that allows access to a computer
Keyboard and video monitor with limited processing Modified networked PCs or network computers |
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Network Terminals
Windows Terminals Internet Terminals |
Depend on network servers for software, processing and storage
Depend to the Internet or Intranet for operating systems and software |
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Network Computers
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Microcomputer category designed primarily for use with the Internet and corporate intranets by clerical workers, operational employees, and knowledge workers with specialized or limited computing applications
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Information Appliances
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Hand-held microcomputer devices
(PDA, iPhones, PSP) |
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Midrange Systems
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Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale processing of many business applications
Minicomputers for scientific research and industrial process monitoring |
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Mainframe Systems
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Large, fast, and powerful computer systems. Large primary storage capacity, high transaction processing, complex computations.
Can be used as superservers for large companies |
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Supercomputer Systems
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A category of extremely powerful computer systems designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations.
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Input
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Keyboards, mice, optical scanners, touchscreens, pens, etc
Convert data into electronic form |
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Processing
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic-logic unit performs the arithmetic functions Control unit |
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Output
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Video display units, printers, etc.
Convert electronic information into human-intelligible form |
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Storage
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Primary Storage Unit (RAM)
Memory - Not permanent Secondary Storage Magnetic disks and Optical disks Permanent |
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Control
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Control unit of the CPU
Controls the other components of the computer |
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Processing Speeds
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Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second Nanosecond – billionth of a second Picosecond – trillionth of a second MIPS – million instructions per second Teraflops – trillions of floating point operations per second (Supercomputer) Clock speed of the computer: Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second |
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Moore's Law
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Exponential growth (doubling every 18 to 24 months) in the number of transistors per integrated circuit.
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Peripheral
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Generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU
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Online Devices
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Separate from CPU
But electronically connected to and controlled by CPU |
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Offline Devices
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Separate from and not under control of the CPU
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Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
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Identification numbers of bank and account printed in magnetic ink on bottom of check
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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
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Like a TV screen, most PCs
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Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
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Laptops, some PCs
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Inkjet Printers
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Spray ink on page
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Laser Printers
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Electrostatic process like photocopying machine
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Binary Representation
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Data are processed and stored in computer system through the presence or absence of signals
Either ON (1) or OFF (0) |
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Bit
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(short for binary digit)
Smallest element of data Either zero or one |
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Byte
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Group of eight bits which operate as a single unit
Represents one character or number |
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Storage Capacities
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Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes |
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Direct/Random Access (RAM) (DASD)
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Directly store and retrieve data
Each storage position has unique address and can be accessed in same length of time Semiconductor memory chips, magnetic disks |
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Sequential Access
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Data is stored and retrieved in a sequential process
Must be accessed in sequence by searching through prior data Magnetic tape |
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Semiconductor memory
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Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips
Used for primary storage Advantage: Small size, fast, shock and temperature resistance Disadvantage: Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric power or lose memory |
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RAM: Random Access Memory
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Most widely used primary storage medium
Volatile memory Read/write memory |
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ROM: Read Only Memory
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Permanent storage
Can be read but cannot be overwritten Frequently used programs burnt into chips during manufacturing |
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RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)
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Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives
Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks |
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Types of Secondary Storage
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Flash Drives
Magnetic Disks - Floppy Disks - Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket - Hard Disk Drives - Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads in sealed module - Magnetic Tape - Tape reels and cartridges - Optical Disks - CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, etc/ |
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
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System for tagging and identifying mobile objects such as store merchandise, postal packages, and sometimes living organisms.
Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals |