Mis Midterm Chapter 3

Front 1

Microcomputer

Back 1

Personal computers
Laptops, PCs, professional workstations, personal use, etc.

Front 2

Workstation

Back 2

A powerful, networked PC for business professionals

Front 3

Network Server

Back 3

More powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small networks

Front 4

Computer Terminals
Dumb Terminals
Intelligent Terminals

Back 4

Any device that allows access to a computer
Keyboard and video monitor with limited processing
Modified networked PCs or network computers

Front 5

Network Terminals
Windows Terminals
Internet Terminals

Back 5

Depend on network servers for software, processing and storage
Depend to the Internet or Intranet for operating systems and software

Front 6

Network Computers

Back 6

Microcomputer category designed primarily for use with the Internet and corporate intranets by clerical workers, operational employees, and knowledge workers with specialized or limited computing applications

Front 7

Information Appliances

Back 7

Hand-held microcomputer devices
(PDA, iPhones, PSP)

Front 8

Midrange Systems

Back 8

Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale processing of many business applications
Minicomputers for scientific research and industrial process monitoring

Front 9

Mainframe Systems

Back 9

Large, fast, and powerful computer systems. Large primary storage capacity, high transaction processing, complex computations.
Can be used as superservers for large companies

Front 10

Supercomputer Systems

Back 10

A category of extremely powerful computer systems designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations.

Front 11

Input

Back 11

Keyboards, mice, optical scanners, touchscreens, pens, etc
Convert data into electronic form

Front 12

Processing

Back 12

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic-logic unit performs the arithmetic functions
Control unit

Front 13

Output

Back 13

Video display units, printers, etc.
Convert electronic information into human-intelligible form

Front 14

Storage

Back 14

Primary Storage Unit (RAM)
Memory - Not permanent

Secondary Storage
Magnetic disks and Optical disks
Permanent

Front 15

Control

Back 15

Control unit of the CPU
Controls the other components of the computer

Front 16

Processing Speeds

Back 16

Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second
Nanosecond – billionth of a second
Picosecond – trillionth of a second
MIPS – million instructions per second
Teraflops – trillions of floating point operations per second (Supercomputer)

Clock speed of the computer:
Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second

Front 17

Moore's Law

Back 17

Exponential growth (doubling every 18 to 24 months) in the number of transistors per integrated circuit.

Front 18

Peripheral

Back 18

Generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU

Front 19

Online Devices

Back 19

Separate from CPU
But electronically connected to and controlled by CPU

Front 20

Offline Devices

Back 20

Separate from and not under control of the CPU

Front 21

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Back 21

Identification numbers of bank and account printed in magnetic ink on bottom of check

Front 22

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

Back 22

Like a TV screen, most PCs

Front 23

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)

Back 23

Laptops, some PCs

Front 24

Inkjet Printers

Back 24

Spray ink on page

Front 25

Laser Printers

Back 25

Electrostatic process like photocopying machine

Front 26

Binary Representation

Back 26

Data are processed and stored in computer system through the presence or absence of signals
Either ON (1) or OFF (0)

Front 27

Bit

Back 27

(short for binary digit)
Smallest element of data
Either zero or one

Front 28

Byte

Back 28

Group of eight bits which operate as a single unit
Represents one character or number

Front 29

Storage Capacities

Back 29

Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes
Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes
Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes
Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes

Front 30

Direct/Random Access (RAM) (DASD)

Back 30

Directly store and retrieve data
Each storage position has unique address and can be accessed in same length of time
Semiconductor memory chips, magnetic disks

Front 31

Sequential Access

Back 31

Data is stored and retrieved in a sequential process
Must be accessed in sequence by searching through prior data
Magnetic tape

Front 32

Semiconductor memory

Back 32

Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips
Used for primary storage
Advantage:
Small size, fast, shock and temperature resistance
Disadvantage:
Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric power or lose memory

Front 33

RAM: Random Access Memory

Back 33

Most widely used primary storage medium
Volatile memory
Read/write memory

Front 34

ROM: Read Only Memory

Back 34

Permanent storage
Can be read but cannot be overwritten
Frequently used programs burnt into chips during manufacturing

Front 35

RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)

Back 35

Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives
Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks

Front 36

Types of Secondary Storage

Back 36

Flash Drives
Magnetic Disks
- Floppy Disks - Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket
- Hard Disk Drives - Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads in sealed module
- Magnetic Tape - Tape reels and cartridges
- Optical Disks - CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, etc/

Front 37

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Back 37

System for tagging and identifying mobile objects such as store merchandise, postal packages, and sometimes living organisms.
Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals