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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Microcomputer
Personal computers
Laptops, PCs, professional workstations, personal use, etc.
Workstation
A powerful, networked PC for business professionals
Network Server
More powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small networks
Computer Terminals
Dumb Terminals
Intelligent Terminals
Any device that allows access to a computer
Keyboard and video monitor with limited processing
Modified networked PCs or network computers
Network Terminals
Windows Terminals
Internet Terminals
Depend on network servers for software, processing and storage
Depend to the Internet or Intranet for operating systems and software
Network Computers
Microcomputer category designed primarily for use with the Internet and corporate intranets by clerical workers, operational employees, and knowledge workers with specialized or limited computing applications
Information Appliances
Hand-held microcomputer devices
(PDA, iPhones, PSP)
Midrange Systems
Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale processing of many business applications
Minicomputers for scientific research and industrial process monitoring
Mainframe Systems
Large, fast, and powerful computer systems. Large primary storage capacity, high transaction processing, complex computations.
Can be used as superservers for large companies
Supercomputer Systems
A category of extremely powerful computer systems designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations.
Input
Keyboards, mice, optical scanners, touchscreens, pens, etc
Convert data into electronic form
Processing
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic-logic unit performs the arithmetic functions
Control unit
Output
Video display units, printers, etc.
Convert electronic information into human-intelligible form
Storage
Primary Storage Unit (RAM)
Memory - Not permanent

Secondary Storage
Magnetic disks and Optical disks
Permanent
Control
Control unit of the CPU
Controls the other components of the computer
Processing Speeds
Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second
Nanosecond – billionth of a second
Picosecond – trillionth of a second
MIPS – million instructions per second
Teraflops – trillions of floating point operations per second (Supercomputer)

Clock speed of the computer:
Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second
Moore's Law
Exponential growth (doubling every 18 to 24 months) in the number of transistors per integrated circuit.
Peripheral
Generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU
Online Devices
Separate from CPU
But electronically connected to and controlled by CPU
Offline Devices
Separate from and not under control of the CPU
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Identification numbers of bank and account printed in magnetic ink on bottom of check
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Like a TV screen, most PCs
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
Laptops, some PCs
Inkjet Printers
Spray ink on page
Laser Printers
Electrostatic process like photocopying machine
Binary Representation
Data are processed and stored in computer system through the presence or absence of signals
Either ON (1) or OFF (0)
Bit
(short for binary digit)
Smallest element of data
Either zero or one
Byte
Group of eight bits which operate as a single unit
Represents one character or number
Storage Capacities
Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes
Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes
Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes
Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes
Direct/Random Access (RAM) (DASD)
Directly store and retrieve data
Each storage position has unique address and can be accessed in same length of time
Semiconductor memory chips, magnetic disks
Sequential Access
Data is stored and retrieved in a sequential process
Must be accessed in sequence by searching through prior data
Magnetic tape
Semiconductor memory
Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips
Used for primary storage
Advantage:
Small size, fast, shock and temperature resistance
Disadvantage:
Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric power or lose memory
RAM: Random Access Memory
Most widely used primary storage medium
Volatile memory
Read/write memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
Permanent storage
Can be read but cannot be overwritten
Frequently used programs burnt into chips during manufacturing
RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)
Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives
Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks
Types of Secondary Storage
Flash Drives
Magnetic Disks
- Floppy Disks - Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket
- Hard Disk Drives - Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads in sealed module
- Magnetic Tape - Tape reels and cartridges
- Optical Disks - CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, etc/
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
System for tagging and identifying mobile objects such as store merchandise, postal packages, and sometimes living organisms.
Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals