Mis Ch 7-9

Front 1

business process management

Back 1

systematic process of creating, assessing, and altering business processes

Front 2

as-is model

Back 2

documents the current situation and then change that model to make adjustments necessary to solve process problems

Front 3

functional processes

Back 3

involve activities within a single department or function

Front 4

islands of automation

Back 4

the structure that results when functional applications work independently in isolation from one another. usually problematic because data is duplicated integration is difficult and results can be inconsistent.

Front 5

Business process modeling notation (BPMN)

Back 5

a standard set of terms and graphical notions for documenting business processes created by the object management group

Front 6

cross functional processes

Back 6

processes that involve activities among several, or even many business departments

Front 7

customer relationship management

Back 7

the set of business processes for attracting selling managing and supporting customers

Front 8

encapsulation

Back 8

isolating all of the logic for a given business process within a particular service. the logic is hidden from service users and thus can be changed as long as the data to and from the service remain the same.

Front 9

fire-and-foret pattern

Back 9

a business process pattern in which the activity sends a message or request (fires it) and then forgets about it, not checking on the outcome of the message or request

Front 10

functional processes

Back 10

processes that involve activities within a single department or business function point to determine the number of lines of code and the time for the project

Front 11

interorganizational processes

Back 11

business processes that cross not only departmental boundaries, but organizational boundaries as well. Such as processes involve activities among organizations having different owners.

Front 12

object management group

Back 12

a software-industry standards organization that has sponsored the creation of many technology standards including the business process modeling notion a standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business processes

Front 13

service

Back 13

a repeatable task that a business needs to perform

Front 14

service-oriented architecture (SOA)

Back 14

processing philosophy that advocates that computing systems use a standard method to declare the services they provide and the interface by which those services can be requested and used. Web services are implementation of SOA

Front 15

SOAP

Back 15

a protocol for exchanging messages ecoded in MXL SOAP sits on top of any available transport protocol, such as HTTP HttpS or FTP. SOAP is independent of any device network vendor or product

Front 16

swim-lane layout

Back 16

a type of business process diagram. like swim lanes in a swimming pool, each role is shown in its own horizontal rectangle. Swim-lane layout can be used to simplify process diagrams and to draw attention to interactions among components of the diagram

Front 17

tags

Back 17

in markup languages such as HTML and XML notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes

Front 18

web service description language (WSDL)

Back 18

a language that services can use to describe what they do and how other computer programs can access their features

Front 19

XML

Back 19

a document standard that separates document content, structure, and presentation; eliminates problems in HTML and offers advantages over EDI. Most believe XML will eventually replace EDI

Front 20

XML document

Back 20

a file of SML tags and data

Front 21

XML schema

Back 21

an XML document that specifies the structure of other XML documents. An XML schema is metadata for other XML documents For example a Sales Order XML schema specifies the structure of Sales Order documents

Front 22

adwords

Back 22

a web 2.0 advertising product from google. vendors agree to pay a certain amount to google for use of particular search words, which link to the vendors site

Front 23

adsense

Back 23

a web 2.0 product from google. google searches an organizations web site and inserts ads that match content on that site; when users click those ads google pays that organization a fee

Front 24

attribute

Back 24

1. a variable that provides properties for an HTML tag. each attribute has a standard name. for example the attribute for a hyperlink is href, and its value indicates which web page is to be displayed when the user clicks the link

Front 25

auctions

Back 25

applications that match buyers and sellers by using an e-commerce version of a standard, competitive bidding auction process

Front 26

beta program

Back 26

a prerelease version of software used for testing. the beta program becomes obsolete when the final version is released.

Front 27

browser

Back 27

a program that processes the HTTP protocol; receives displays and processes HTML documents, and transmit responses

Front 28

business to business

Back 28

e-commerce sales between companies

Front 29

business to consumer

Back 29

e-commerce sales between companies and governmental organizations

Front 30

business to government

Back 30

e-commerce sales between companies and governmental organizations

Front 31

channel conflict

Back 31

in e-commerce a conflict that may result between a manufacturer that wants to sell products directly to consumers and the retailers in the existing sales channels

Front 32

clearing houses

Back 32

entry that provides goods and services at a stated price, prices and arranges for the delivery of the goods but never takes title to the goods

Front 33

commerce server

Back 33

a computer that operates web-based programs that display products, support online ordering, record and process payments, and interface with inventory-management applications

Front 34

crowdsourcing

Back 34

the process by which organizations use web 2.0 technologies such as user-generated content to involve their users in the design and marketing of their products

Front 35

database tier

Back 35

in the three-tier architecture, the tier that runs the DBMS and receives and processes SQL requests to retrieve and store data

Front 36

disintermediation

Back 36

elimination of one or more middle layers in the supply chain

Front 37

e-commerce

Back 37

the buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks

Front 38

electronic exchange

Back 38

sites that facilitate the matching of buyers and sellers and business process is similar to that of stock exchange. Sellers offer goods at a given price through electronic exchange. Sellers offer goods at a given price through the electronic exchange and buyers make offers to purchase over the same exchange. price matches result in transactions from which the exchange takes a commission

Front 39

hyperlink

Back 39

a pointer on a web page to another web page

Front 40

hypertext markup language

Back 40

a language that defines the structure and layout of web page content. an html tag is a notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes

Front 41

hypertext transfer protocol

Back 41

a layer-5 protocol used to process web pages

Front 42

mashup

Back 42

the combination of output from two or more web sites into a single user experience

Front 43

merchant companies

Back 43

in e-commerce companies that take tide to the goods they sell. they buy goods and resell them

Front 44

my maps

Back 44

a web 2.0 product that provides tools with which users can make custom modifications to maps provided by google; my maps is an example of a mashup

Front 45

nonmerchant companies

Back 45

e-commerce companies that arrange for the purchase and sale of goods without ever owning or taking title to those goods

Front 46

price elasticity

Back 46

a measure of the sensitivity in demand to changes in price. it is the ration of the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price

Front 47

price conflict

Back 47

in e-commerce a conflict that may result when manufacturers offer products at prices lower than those available through existing sales channels

Front 48

server tier

Back 48

in the 3-tier architecture, the tier that consists of computers that run web servers to generate web pages and other data in response to requests from browsers. web servers also process application programs

Front 49

social networking

Back 49

connections of people with similar interests. today social networks typically are supported by web 2.0 technology

Front 50

software as a service (SAAS)

Back 50

business model whereby companies such as google amazon and ebay provide services based on their software, rather than providing software as a product (by means of software-using languages). Software as a service is an example of web 2.0

Front 51

tag

Back 51

in markup languages such as html and xml notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes

Front 52

three tier architecture

Back 52

architecture used by most ecommerce server applications. the tiers refer to three different classes of computers. the user consists of process web pages. the server tier consists of computers that run web servers and in the process generate web pages and other data in response to requests from browsers. web servers also process application programs. the 3rd tier is the database tier which runs the DBMS that processes the database

Front 53

user tier

Back 53

in the 3 tier architecture the tier that consists of computers that have browsers that request and process web pages

Front 54

user generated content

Back 54

in web 2.0 data and information that is provided by users. examples are product ratings, product problem solutions, product designs and marketing data

Front 55

viral marketing

Back 55

a marketing method used in the web 2.0 world in which users spread news about products and services to one another

Front 56

web farm

Back 56

a facility that runs multiple web servers. work is distributed among the computers in a web farm so as to maximize throughout

Front 57

web page

Back 57

documents encoded in HTMl that are created, transmitted and consumed using the world wide web

Front 58

web server

Back 58

a program that processes the HTTP protocol and transmits web pages on demand. web servers also process application programs

Front 59

web storefront

Back 59

in ecommerce a web-based application that enables customers to enter and manage their orders

Front 60

web 2.0

Back 60

generally a loose cloud of capabilities technolgies business models and philosopies that characcterize the new and emerging business uses of the internet

Front 61

business intelligence system

Back 61

a system that provides the right information to the right user, at the right time. a tool produces the information, but the system ensures that the right information is delivered to the right user at the right time

Front 62

clickstream data

Back 62

e commerce data that describes a customers clicking behavior. such data includes everything the customer does at the web site

Front 63

cluster analysis

Back 63

an unsupervised data-mining technique wherby statistical techniques are used to identify groups of entities that have similar characterisitcs. a common use for cluster analysis is to find groups of similar customers in data about customer orders and customer demographics

Front 64

curse of dimensionality

Back 64

the more attributes there are, the easier it is to build a data model that fits the sample data but that is worthless as a predictor

Front 65

data mart

Back 65

facilities that prepare, store, and manage data for reporting and data mining for specific business functions

Front 66

data mining

Back 66

the application of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data and to classify and predict

Front 67

data-mining systems

Back 67

information system that processes data using sophisticated statistical techniques such as regression analysis and decision-tree analysis to find patterns and relationships that cannot be found by simpler operations such as sorting grouping and average

Front 68

data warehouse

Back 68

facilities that prepare store and manage data specifically for reporting and data mining

Front 69

dirty data

Back 69

problematic data

Front 70

exabyte

Back 70

10^18 bytes

Front 71

expert systems

Back 71

knowledge sharing system that is created by interviewing experts in a given business domain and codifying the rules used by those experts

Front 72

granularity

Back 72

the level of detail in data. customer name and account balance is large granularity. customer name, balance and the order details and payment history of every customer order is smaller granularity

Front 73

knowledge management system

Back 73

an information system for storing and retrieving organizational knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need that capitol

Front 74

market-basket analysis

Back 74

a data-mining technique for determining sales patterns. a market-basket analysis shows the products that customers tend to buy together

Front 75

neural network

Back 75

a popular supervised data-mining technique used to predict values and make classifications such as good prospect or poor prospect

Front 76

petabyte

Back 76

10^15 bytes

Front 77

regression analysis

Back 77

a type of supervised data mining that estimates the values of parameters in a linear equation. used to determine the relative influence of variables on outcome and also to predict future values of that outcome

Front 78

reporting systems

Back 78

a system that creates information from disparate data sources and delivers that information to the proper users on a timely basis

Front 79

supervised data mining

Back 79

a form of data mining in which data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate values of the parameters of the model

Front 80

unsupervised data mining

Back 80

a form of data mining whereby the analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis. instead they apply the data-mining technique to the data and observe the results. with this method, analysts creat hypotheses after the analysis to explain the patterns found.