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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group of componenets that interact to produce information
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Information System
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development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve goals and objectives
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MIS
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How does information system differ from Information technology?
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Information system is assembling this hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that eventually product information
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cost of data communication and data storage is essentially zero
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moore's law
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role in IS security
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-strong passwords
-password etiquette |
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network of activities, roles, resources, responsibilities, and data flows that interact to accopmlish a business function
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business process
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components of a buisness process
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-activities
-decision -roles -resources -repository (collection of business records) -data flows: movement of a data item from one activity to another -Componenets: hardware, software, data, procedure, people |
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knowledge derived from data, where data is defined as recorded facts or figures
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information
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Characteristics of good information
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-accurate
-timely -relevant -just barely sufficient -worth its cost |
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Where is information in business processes?
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-information in repositories
-data can also be stored in a database |
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How does organizatoinal strategy determine information systems structure?
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organizaitons examine the strucutre of their industry and from that, develop a competitive strategy. This strategy determines value chains, which, in turn, determine business processes
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Porter's Five forces
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-Threat of new entrants
-Buyer power -Supplier Power -Threat of substitue products/services -rivalry competition |
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focus its strategy on a particular industry segment
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competitve strategy
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network of value-creating activities
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value chain
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business functoins that relate directly to production of organization's product/service
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primary activities
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interactions across value activities. uses sales forecasts to plan production; it then uses the production plan to determine raw materials needs and then uses the material eneds to scheudle purcahses
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value chain linkages
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how do value chains determine business processes and information systems?
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Each company implements their value chain activities in ways that are consisten with its competitive strategy
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How do information systems provide competitive advantages?
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-competitive advantage via products
-competitive advantage via processes |
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competitive advantage via products
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-creating new products or service
-enhancing products/services -differentiating products and services from those of their consumers |
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Competitive advantage via business processes
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establishing alliances with other organizaitons. Implementations:
-lock in customers and buyers -lock in suppliers -raise barriers to market entry -establish alliances -reduce costs |
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how does a company use IS to create competitive advantage
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-eases the effort of creating a shipment
-helps differentiate product from competitors that do not have similar system |
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Why do programmers volunteer their services?
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-writing a computer program can be fun
-gives them the freedom to choose the projects upon which they work -to exhibit one's skill |
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how does open source work?
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with open source, anyone can obtain the source code from the open source project's Web site
-whether open source works for a particular situation depends on the requirements and constraints of that situation |
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Purpose of a database
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-keep track of things
-keep numerous records in all one place -lists that involve a single theme can be stored in a spreadsheet -lists that involve multiple themes require a database |
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collection of tables plus relationships among the rows in those tables, plus special data
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database
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what does a database contain
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-bytes: a character of data
-columns are also called fields -fields are grouped into rows, which are called records -relationships among records: a table or file -key: -foreign key |
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Key
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column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table
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foreign key
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certain columns are keys, but they are keys of a different table than the one which they are inside
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DBMS
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Database management system: software program used to craete, process, and adminstera a database
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Database application
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-collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database
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collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly
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computer network
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LAN
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Local area network: connects computers that reside in a single geographic location on the premises of the company that operates the LAN
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components of LAN
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-Switch: recieves and transmits wired traffice on LAN
-LAN device: has a switch and a device for wireless communication -network interface card: connects the computer's or printer's circuitry to the network cables |
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signals on the cables are light rays, and they are reflected inside the glass core
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optical fiber cables
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Wireless NC (WNIC)
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wireless technology that is used instead of NIC.
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WAN
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Wide area networks: connect cmoputres at different geographic locations. Connecting to internet service provider
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Alternative to connecting to WAN
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-DSL line, cable TV line, cell phone-like connection
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operate on the same lines as voice telephones, but their signals do not interfere with voice telephone service
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DSL modem (digital subscriber line)
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DSL lines that have differnt upload and download speeds
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Asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL)
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have the same receiving and transmitting speeds (big businesses)
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symmetrical digital subscriber lines (SDSL)
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provide high-speed data transmission using cable television lines
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cable modem
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WAN wireless connection
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-Wimax: greatest potential for speed
-Narrowband: lower speeds -Broadband: high speeds (middle) |
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Internet
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networks of networks. Connects LANS, WANS, and other interets
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TCP/IP protocol architecture
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-top layer: protocols for applications (browsers and Web services)
-next two layers about data communications across any interent -bottom two layers involve protocols that concern data transmission within a network |
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HTTP
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hypertext transport protocol: used between browsers and web servers
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tarnsport porotocl that break your traffic up into pieces and send each piece along its way, also detects that condition and cause retransmisission of that price
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Transmission control protocol (TCP)
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protocl that specifies the routing of the pieces of your data communication through the networks that comprise any internet
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Internet Protocol
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IP addressing
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number that identifies a particular device
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What happens on a typical web server
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manage HTTP traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients
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Three-tier architecture
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arrangement of user computers and servers into three categories:
-user tier -server tier -database tier |
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consists of computers, phones, and other devices that have browsers that request and process Web pages
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User tier
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consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs
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Server tier
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consists of computer that run a DBMS that process SQL requests to retrieve and store data
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Database tier
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application program that runs on a server tier copmuter
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commerce server
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HTML
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Hypertext markup language: most common language for defining the structure and layout of web pages
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XML
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extensible markup language: markup language that fixes several HTML deficiencies and is commonly used for program-to-program interaction over the web
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Flash
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add-on to browsers that is useful for providing animation, movies,and other advanced graphics
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Silverlight
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browser add-on that was developed by microsoft for the same purpses as flash. Has newer technology and more functionality than flash
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uses the internet to create the appearance of private point-to-point connections
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VPN (Virtual Private Network)
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VPN benefits
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maintains security VPN client software through encrypts or codes the original message so its contents are protected from snooping
-enables remote access |
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types of information systems
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-personal information systems
-workgroup information sytems -enterprise information systems -interenterprise information systems |
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How do successful business professionals use IS
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assists to achieve the goals and objectives of that business
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personal information systems
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used by a single individual
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workgroup information systems
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shared by a group of people for a particular purpsoe
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enterprise information systems
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information systems that span an organizaiton and support activities in multiple departments
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interenterprise information systems
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information systems that are shared by two or more independent organizations
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condition that exists when data are isolated in separated information systems
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information silos
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how do information silos arise?
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arise as a consequence of an organizatoin's growth and increasing use of information systems
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How do enterprise information systems eliminate silos?
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when an enterprise sysetm is implemented, all the departments that use it must change their business processes
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activity of altering and designing business processes to take advantage of new information systems
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business process reengineering
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What supports enterprise systems
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-Customer relationship management (CRM)
-Enterprise resource planning (ERP) -Enterprise application integration (EAI) |
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suite of applications, database, and a set of inherent processes for managing all the interactions with the customer, from lead generation to customer service
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
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suite of applications, database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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suite of software applications that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together
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enterprise application integration (EAI)
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Challenges when implementing new enterprise systems
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-collborative management
-requirement gaps -transition problems -employee resistance |
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information systems used between or among organizations that are independently owned and managed
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interorganizational systems
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interorganizational systems
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-pre-internet systems
-e-commerce -Web 2.0 -Enterprise 2.0 |
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pre-internet sysetms
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slow. vendors in contorl of relationship.
Ex: post mail, telephone |
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e-commerce
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buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks
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Web 2.0
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even faster. rise of user-generated contenct
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enterprise 2.0
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customer selects relationship characteristics, vendors lose control of relationships.
-Ex: facebook, twitter, social CRM |
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software design methodology and set of program communication standards that greatly improve the flexibility and adaptability of interorganizational program-to-program communication
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service-oriented architecure
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E-commerce merchant copmanies
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-B2C ( business to consumer)
-B2B (business to business) -B2G (business to government) |
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nonmerchant e-commerce
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-auctions
-clearing houses -electronic exchange |
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clearing houses
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provide goods and services at a state price and arrange for the delivery of the goods, but never take the title
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electronic exchange
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matches buyers and sellers; the business process is simliar to that of a stock exchange
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How does e-commerce imporove market efficiency
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-leads to disintermediation :elimination of middle layers of distributors and suppliers
-produces information about price elasticity |
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Why is Web 2.0 imporatnt to businesses?
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-viral marketing
-user-generated content -crowdsourcing |
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viral marketing
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no marketing is done to promite sites, new features are released and vendors wait for users to spread the news to one anotehr
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user-generated content
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refers to web site content that is contributed by useres
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crowdsourcing
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users can provide customer support to one another, or participate in the creation of product specifications
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how can businesses benefit from web 2.0?
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-adwords: vendors pay google an amount for particular search words
-adsense: google software where ads are inserted that match content on that site |
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investment of social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace
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social capital
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information containing patterns, relationships,and trends
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business intelligence
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why do organizaitons need business intelligence
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use business intelligence to process the immense data, and to deliver info ona timely basis to users who need it
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How do business intelligence systems provide competitive advantage?
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provides information for improving decision making
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extract and clean data from operational systems and other sources and to store and catalog that data for process by business intelligence tools
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data warehouse
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data collection that is created to address the needs of a particular business function
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data mart
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applicaiton of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data and to classify and predict things
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data mining
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unsupervised data mining
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anlysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis
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supervised data mining
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data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model
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process of creating and maintaining information systems
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systems development
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adding more people to a late project makes the project late. the costs of trainning new people can overwhelm the benefits of their contribution
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brooks' law
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traditional processes used to develop information systems
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Software development life cycle (SDLC)
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five phases of SDLC: 1. system definition
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use management's statement of the system needs in order to begin to define the new sysetm
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specialize in understanding business needs, strategies, goals, and helping businesses implement systems to accomplish their competitive strategies
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business analysts
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