Mis 180 Chapter 4 Easton

Front 1

bit

Back 1

short for binary digit, smallest unit of data in a computer, has either a value of 0 or 1

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byte

Back 2

a group of 8 bits and represents a single character

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field

Back 3

a collection of characters, or bytes, that describe one aspect of a business object or activity -- single unit of data
example: date enrolled, student name

Front 4

record

Back 4

a collection of related data fields
example: all of the fields for one student will be stored in a student record

Front 5

file

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a collection of related records
example: all of the students at your university are stored in the student file

Front 6

database

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an organized collection of integrated and related data files
example: the collection of the student file, faculty file and course file make a university database

Front 7

database management system (DBMS)

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software that allows you to create a database, manage the data in the database by adding, deleting, and updating records, sort and retrieve data, and creates queries and reports of that data

Front 8

file management software

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the traditional system used to manage files- two main problems are data redundancy and data isolation

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data redundancy

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when different systems/programs have separate copies of similar, if not identical, data

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Data isolation

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when an application program can't access the data associated with other application programs

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metadata

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descriptions about what the different data values represent and their formats

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data manipulation

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keeps the data current and involves adding, updating, and deleting data

Front 13

data validation

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compares data against a set of rules to make sure it is correct

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data type validity check

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ensures that a value entered into a field matches the data type established for that field

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range validity check

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ensures that the value entered into a field falls within the range of acceptable values that have been established for that field

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consistency validity check

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ensures that a value entered into a field is consistent with a value in another field

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completeness validity check

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ensures that a field contains a value if it is required

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database security

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enforces rules to make certain that only authorized users can access the data

Front 19

access privileges

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define the set of activities that different users, or groups of users, can perform

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conceptual data model

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represents how the data is going to be organized and stored from a business perspective

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physical database model

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shows exactly how the database will be implemented within the specific database management system

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relational database model

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the most common DBMS model, represents data as a collection of related tables

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primary key

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a field (or set of fields) that uniquely identifies one row from the next

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foreign key

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the field in common that used to link the different tables together

Front 25

normalization

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a design process which helps limit redundancy by dividing data into different tables

Front 26

entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

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a tool used to graphically show the structure of the data

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entity

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a person, place, thing, or event

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relationships

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how the entities are related to each other

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attributes

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the characteristics that describe an entity

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instance

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a specific representation of an entity

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identifier

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an attribute that uniquely identifies one instance of an entity from another instance

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online transaction processing system (OLTP)

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used to quickly process the business transactions, allows managers to get answers to different business questions

Front 33

data warehouse

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a repository of the historical data from an organization

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online analytical processing

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rapid processing of complex, analytical and ad-hoc queries

Front 35

Business Intelligence Systems

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help organizations better understand their business situation, analyze the impact of changes in the marketplace, and forecast future trends

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data mart

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a subset, or scaled-down version, of a data warehouse. Usually contain data related to a specific unit or function within an organization

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data mining

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a process used to analyze and sort through data to find patterns and relationships among data -- to produce the needed business intelligence

Front 38

knowledge management (KM)

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the process of identifying, capturing, organizing, and sharing the knowledge, or intellectual assets within an organization

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intellectual assets

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the knowledge of an organization

Front 40

best practices

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most effective and efficient way of accomplishing a task

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explicit knowledge

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consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified

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tacit knowledge

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what people know, often difficult to capture

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knowledge management system (KMS)

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not a single tool, rather it is the collection of information resources used to manage knowledge. May include groupware, email, intranets, extranets, databases, and data warehouses.