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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vannevar Bush
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Outlined the webs core ideas (hyperlinked pages) in 1945
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Ted Nelson
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• Applied Bush’s theory to build his on modification.
Had little success in 1965 however connecting digital bits on a useful scale |
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o ABC
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• Knew what was happening but thought it would blow over, not important
• “The internet will be the CB radio of the 90’s” |
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- Is it all a giant machine? Be able to discuss Kelly’s analogy of the web as a living thing and critique his arguments.
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o Describes it as godlike, you can see anyplace on earth in 3d in seconds, “I doubt angels have a better view of humanity”
o The internet is comparable in complexity to the human brain. • The brain is more complex, but it is not doubling in size each year like the internet. o It has already surpassed the 20-petahertz threshold for potential intelligence as calculated by Ray Kurzweil. |
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What is “Freeconomics?”
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o The concept that the cost of doing business online is essentially zero.
o Moore’s Law: a unit of processing power halves every 18 months. o The price of bandwidth and storage is dropping even faster (eventually to zero) |
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- What is Anderson’s argument regarding the economics of bandwidth, storage, etc?
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o Storage now cost zero dollars as we can see by Yahoo having unlimited storage space for Yahoo mail.
o Storage now joins bandwidth (YouTube: free) and processing power (Google: free) in the race to the bottom. o Basic economics tells us that in a competitive market, price falls to the marginal cost. There's never been a more competitive market than the Internet, and every day the marginal cost of digital information comes closer to nothing. |
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- Be able to discuss the concept of “wasting transistors.”
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o Every 18 months, according to Carver Mead, the price of a transistor would halve.
o Because the cost of a transistor is nearly zero now, he thought we should waste transistors. o Since they are close enough to free, businesses worry less about the autonomic units of computation—the storage, the bandwidth—and focus on user interface and new markets, such as entertainment. |
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- What is the penny gap? What is the psychological issue between .01 and free?
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o Penny Gap: the difference between cheap and free.
o Not too cheap to meter, but too cheap to matter. o If you charge something even for as cheap as a penny you will not have close to the number of customers as if it were free. |
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o Freemium
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• Its like you can get frostwire for free, or frostwire pro with more quality downloads and speed for $20.
• 1% rule: since the cost of supplying the free users is zero, the one out of every one hundred that pay for the use of the site cover the costs of the free users. |
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o Advertising (in the context of the article and providing for free products or services)
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• Advertisers pay to have their link on popular sites, free for you to click on.
-pay per click, pay per transaction... |
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o Cross-Subsidies
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• What’s free is a product that entices you to buy another product
• Free to anyone who is willing to eventually pay |
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o Zero marginal cost
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• Things that can be distributed without any marginal cost
• Like online music • Free to everyone |
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o Labor Exchange
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• Web sites and services are free
• Free to anyone who uses the site since his or her usage makes the site more valuable. |
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o Gift Economy
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• Everything is free, open software or user generated content
• Like Wikipedia • Free to everyone |
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- Search Engines
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• Search engines are designed to search for information on the world wide web
• Search engine programs are built and selected by computer robot programs called spiders, since they “crawl” through the web and find things of relevance. |
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Be able to discuss Carr’s analogy between IT and the Electricity industry of the late 19th and early 20th century. Do you agree with his analogy?
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o Electricity used to be harvested form mills and such now it is a utility from power plants that submit electricity through wires to distant customers.
o IT is kind of like this now, as it is switching from being an asset that company own in the form of computers, software, etc. to being a service one can purchase from utility providers. |
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- How does the IT/Computing industry differ from the Electricity industry (where does the analogy end?)?
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o IT incorporates software and is a product of human creativity that is protected by intellectual property rights.
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- What is the connection between Carr’s discussion of early adopters of utility computing and the discussion of disruptive innovations from earlier in the semester?
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o Current ways will seem illogical and inherently doomed. If they develop a way like Insul to supply, then they put many self-supporting firms out of business.
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- What is Carr’s prediction about the nature of corporate computing in the future?
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o Given that the three advances will evolve and advance while new and related ones emerge, the ability to provide IT as a utility—and the economic incentives for doing so—will only continue to grow.
o Radical changes in corporate IT appear inevitable o It will likely have three major components • At the center will be IT Utilities • Big companies that will maintain core computing resources in central plants and distribute them to end-users. • Serving the utilities will be a diverse array of component suppliers • The makers of computers, storage units, networking gear, operating and utility software, and applications. • Large network operators • Will maintain the ultra-high-capacity data communication lines needed for the system to work. |
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- What are the three advances in computing that are facilitating the move to corporate computing?
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o Virtualization
• Erases the differences between propriety computing platforms • Enabling applications designed to run on one operating system to be deployed elsewhere. o Grid Computing • Allows large numbers of hardware components, such as servers or disk drivers, to effectively act as a single device. • Pooling their capacity and allocating it automatically to different jobs. o Web Services • Standardized the interfaces between applications • Turning them in to modules that can be assembled and disassembled easily. |
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What are the decisions that senior managers should make, and why?
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o Strategy
• How much should we spend on IT? • Which business processes should receive our IT dollars? • Need to make clear decisions about which IT initiatives will not be funded. • Which IT capabilities need to be companywide? • Need to decide which IT capabilities need to be provided centrally and which should be developed by individual businesses. o Execution • How good do our IT services really need to be? • What security and privacy risks will we accept? • Need to lead the decision making on the trade-offs security and privacy on the one hand and convenience on the other. • Whom do we blame if an IT initiative fails? • Need to assign business executive to be accountable for every IT project; monitor business metrics. |
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o Define “Information Systems”
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1. People
2. Hardware 3. Software 4. Data 5. Telecommunications Networks |
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o Be able to differentiate the different types of e-commerce.
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• Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• A person buys a book from amazon.com • Business-to-business (B2B) • Retailer like Wal-Mart ordering from distributors. • Business-to-employee (B2E) • Employee uses web to change employee benefits • Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) • One person purchases from another on eBay. |
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o Define “Systems Analysis and Design”
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• Process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems
• Systems analyst. |
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o Define “Database Management”
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• Vital for an organization’s success.
• Collects and stores information |
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o Define “Telecommunication and Networking”
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• Computer networking
• Sharing of informational services (like human communication) |
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o Define “IS Project Management”
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• Project: a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.
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o What is a project manager?
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• Leads and manages the projects.
• A person with a diverse set of skills who is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, controlling, monitoring, and closing down a project. |
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o What are the stages of the project management lifecycle?
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• Initiate
• Potential projects are identified and evaluated in terms of importance to the organization. • Plan • Scope, time, cost, and risk management takes place. • Execute • Project plan is followed • Control • The project performance is measure against the project plan. • Close • Final paperwork completed and sign off by all stakeholders. |
