Mircrobiology Nervous System For Final Exam

Front 1

What are the 4 ways bacteria can gain entry into the Nervous System

Back 1

1) Skull or backbone fractures
2) Medical procedures
3) Peripheral Nerves
4) Blood or Lymph

Front 2

Which bacteria/Virus gains entry through the Skull or backbone fractures?

Back 2

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 3

Which bacteria/Virus gains entry through Medical procedures?

Back 3

Rabiesvirus, prions

Front 4

Which bacteria/Virus gains entry through the Peripheral Nerves?

Back 4

HSV 1 and 2

Front 5

Which bacteria/Virus gains entry through the Blood or Lymph?

Back 5

Measles virus

Front 6

Bacteria can grow in the serebrospinal fluid in where of the CNS?

Back 6

subarachnoid space

Front 7

What is the function of the blood brain barrier?

Back 7

Uses capillaries to prevent passage of materials like antimicrobial drugs into the CNS

Front 8

What is Meningitis?

Back 8

Inflamation of meninges

Front 9

What is Encephalitis?

Back 9

Inflamation of the brain

Front 10

For Bacterial Meningitis what is the precentage of cases and fatality rate?
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Neisseria meningitidis
3) Haemophilus influenzae
4) Others

Back 10

1) 30-50%, 19-46
2) 15-40%, 3-17
3) 2-7%, 3-11
4) 6-8% of cases

Front 11

Bacterial Meningitis:
1) Symtoms?
2) Followed by what?
3) Progressive into what?
4) Diagnosed with what?
5) Treated with what?

Back 11

1) Fever, headache, stiff neck
2) Nausea and vomiting
3) convulsions and coma
4) Gram stain of CSF
5) Cephalosporins and Chloraphenicol

Front 12

Haemophilus influenza B:
1) Discovered?
2) Occurs mostly in what?
3) What kind of Bacteria?
4) What kind of Capsules?

Back 12

1) 1918 fly epidemic
2) Chidren
3) G- aerobic bacteria, normal throat microbiota
4) Antigen Type B

Front 13

How is Haemophilus influenzae b prevented?

Back 13

with the hib vaccine
HiB+DTaP={tetramune] (immune to 4 things)

Front 14

Neisseria Meningitis:
1) AKA?
2) Type of Bacteria
3) % of carriers?
4) Symptoms?
5) Death occurs by what in how long?

Back 14

1) Meningococcal Meningitis
2) G- Aerobic cocci, capsule
3) 10
4) Throat infection rash, red spots that turn blue then black
5) By meningoccemia in 2 Hr

Front 15

Streptococcus pneumonia meningitis:
1) AKA?
2) Kind of Bacteria?
3) % of people that are nasopharyngeal carriers
4) Most common in?
5) Mortality for children and elderly?

Back 15

1) Pneumococcal Pneumonia
2) G+ encapsulated diplococci
3) 70%
4) children (1 month to 4 years)
5) C:30%;E:80%

Front 16

What is the Vaccination of Streptococcus Pneumonia Meningitis?

Back 16

Pneumovax 23: 23 capsules material from 23 different strains of streptococcus pneumonia

Front 17

Streptococcus Penumoniae:
1) How is it disagnosed?
2) What kind of hemolysis?
3) What is the drug of choice and why?

Back 17

1) culturing bacteria
2) alpha
3) Natural penicillion G or V since they are more effective than semisynthetics

Front 18

Listeriosis:
1) Caused by what Bacteria?
2) What kind of Bacteria?
3) Transmitted by what?
4) Grows in the refrigerator meaning?
5) Reproduces in what?

Back 18

1) Listeria Monocytogenes
2) Small G- aerobic rod
3) Food borne and transmitted to fetus
4) is Psychotropic
5) Phagocytes

Front 19

Meningitis:
1) what is it?
2) what are the annual cases?
3) what is the mortality %?

Back 19

1) blood disease, uterus infection, respiratory distress with diarrhea and back pain making diagnosis difficult (food poisoning and cancer)
2) 2,000
3) 25%

Front 20

Tetanus:
1) Caused by?
2) What kind of Bacteria
3) Grow in what?

Back 20

1) Clostridium tetani
2) G+, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe
3) deep wounds and produces a toxin

Front 21

Tetanospasmin:
1) result of what?
2) what is it?
3) released from?
4) what does it do to muscles?

Back 21

1) Tetanus
2) Exotoxin
3) Dead Cells
4) blocks relaxation pathways in muscles and causes threshold for muscle firing to be lowered

Front 22

Treatment of Tetanus:
1) what is the vaccine?
2) what is the booster?
3) treatment with what?

Back 22

1) Tetanus toxoid (DTaP)
2) dT
3) Immune globulin: every 5 years

Front 23

Botulism:
1) Caused by what?
2) What kind of bacteria?
3) Doesn't cause infection but what?

Back 23

1) Clostridium botulinum
2) G+, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe
3) Intoxication due to ingesting botulinal toxin

Front 24

Boulinal toxin:
1) Releases what Neutransmitter?
2) What does the neurotransmitter cause?

Back 24

1) Acetylcholine
2) Flaccid paralysis

Front 25

What are the 2 ways to Prevent Botulism?

Back 25

1) Proper canning or vaccum packed food
2) Nitrites prevent endospores gremination in sausages and bacon

Front 26

Botulism:
1) Treatment:
2) Infant botulism results from what?
3) Wound Botulism results from?

Back 26

1) supportive care and antitoxin
2) C.botulinum growing in intestines
3) Growth of C. botulinum in wounds

Front 27

Leprosy:
1) Caused By?
2) What is special about the Rods?
3) Grows where?
4) Transmission requires what?

Back 27

1) Mycobacterium leprae
2) Acid fast rod that grows in 30 *C
3) Peripheral Nerves and Skin Cells
4) Prolonged contact with an infected person

Front 28

Leprosy produces a Ti-CMI response:
1) What happens with the skin?
2) Positive or negative Lepromin Test

Back 28

1) Loss of sensation in skin arease
2) Positive

Front 29

Leprosy produces a Th2- AMI response:
1) What happens with the skin?
2) Positive or negative Lepromin Test

Back 29

1) Disfigurring nodules over body
2) Negative

Front 30

Poliomyelitis:
1) Caused by what virus?
2) Transmitted by what?
3) Initial symptoms are?

Back 30

1) Poliovirus
2) Ingestion
3) Sore throat and nausea

Front 31

Poliomyelitis:
1) if Viremia occurs where can the virus enter?
2) What happens when the virus enters?

Back 31

1) CNS
2) destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in <1% of cases

Front 32

Poliomyelitis is prevented by what kind of vaccination? (2)

Back 32

Enhanced inactivated polio vaccine
1) 1954: Salk (inactivated)
2) 1963: Sabin (attenuated)

Front 33

When a person has Polio what was used to help them breathe?

Back 33

Iron Lung

Front 34

Rabies Virus:
1) caused by what virus?
2) Transmitted by?
3) Multiples where?
4) Initial symptoms?

Back 34

1) Rhabdoviridae
2) Animal Bites
3) In skeletal muscles, then brain brain cells causing encephalitis
4) Muscle Spasm of mouth and pharynx and hydrophobia

Front 35

What is Furious rabies?

Back 35

animals are restless then highly excitable

Front 36

What is Paralytic rabies?

Back 36

Anaimals seem unaware of surroundings

Front 37

What is Pre-exposure prophylaxis for Rabies?

Back 37

Infection of human diploid cells vaccins (5 shots in the deltoid)

Front 38

What is the Post Exposure tranment for Rabies?

Back 38

Vaccine+immune globulin, it is possible to be vaccinated after a bite because it takes so long to reach the brain

Front 39

Rabies virus control program:
1) what happened in 1988
2) what happened in 1995
3) what happened in 1996

Back 39

Dropped meat with vaccine from planes
1)2 epizootics a. coyote and gray fox
2) began rabies control program utilizing an oral vaccine (coyote)
3) expanded control program to include gray foxes

Front 40

What is Arboviral Encephalitis?

Back 40

Arthropod borne viruses that belong to several families

Front 41

How do you prevent Arboviral Encephalitis?

Back 41

By controlling mosquitoes
1) West Nile Virus
2) St. Louis Encephalitis
3) California Encephalitis

Front 42

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?
1) What are the diseases characteristics?
2) Caused by?
3) Transmitted by? (4)

Back 42

1)Slowly progressing but uniformly fatal neurological disease
2) Prions
3) Ingestion, transplant, and surgical intruments, or inherited

Front 43

What is a Prion?

Back 43

-PROTEINACEOUS INFECTIOUS PARTICLES
-brain proteins that have altered themselves to be infectious

Front 44

Types of Prion Disease:
1) Sheep Scrapies
2) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
3) Kuru
4) Bovine spongigorm encephalopathy

Back 44

1) Sheep scrape themselves raw (transmitted by mink encephalopathy)
2) caused by a prion
3) In neguini caused by cannabilim
4) mad bow disease (cows were fed opal of dead sheep)

Front 45

PrP^(C):
1) What kind of prion?
2) Present where?

Back 45

1) normal cellular prion
2)protein on cell surface of glial cells (which support neurons)

Front 46

PrP^(Sc)
1) What kind of Prion?
2) What kind of Protein?
3) Accumulates where?
4) Cells form what?
5) Survive what?

Back 46

1) Abnormal
2) Scrapie
3) the Brain
4) Plaques
5) Heat, chemical disinfection, and radiation

Front 47

What is the Protein Only Hypothesis?

Back 47

Proposes the infectious agents that transmits TSE is PrP^(SC)

Front 48

PrP^(SC) is described as a seed that induces what?

Back 48

The formation of more of itself

Front 49

Creutzfeldt-jakob Disease:
1) iCJD
2) sCJD
3) nvCJD

Back 49

1) iatrogenic, human growth hormone, duramater grafts
2) sporatic, somatic mutation or conversion
3) New varient ingestion