Mirco Unit 7 Vocab

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Therapeutic index

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is acomparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeuticeffect to the amount that causes toxicity.

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Sterilization

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destruction orremoval of all viable organisms from an object or from a particularenvironment. Disinfection-killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenicmicroorganisms

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Decontamination

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is theprocess of cleansing an object or substance to remove contaminants such asmicro-organisms or hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactivesubstances, and infectious diseases.

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Disinfection

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reduction ofthe number of pathogenic microorganisms to pose no threat of disease.Sanitization Process that removes organic material and reduces thenumber of microorganisms to a safe level.

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Antisepsis

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the process ofinhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

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Filtration

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Thin membranefilters composed of plastic polymers or cellulose esters containing pores of acertain size. Liquid is vacuumed or pressurized through the filter matrix.Organisms larger than the pores are contained.

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Moist heat

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Under steampressure (autoclave) used to sterilize.

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Dry heat

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Sterilizes itemsthat cannot be penetrated by steam or may be damaged by it.

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Incineration

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Destruction ofmicrobes by subjecting them to extremes of dry heat. Reduces microbes &other substances to ashes & gas.

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Pasteurization

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Technique inwhich heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection &spoilage, while at the same time retaining the liquids flavor & food value.

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Sporicidal

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Is an agentcapable of destroying bacterial endospores. Sporical agent can also be asterilant because it can destroy the most resistant of all microbes.

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Fungicidal

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Is a chemicalthat kills fungus spores, hyphae, & yeast.

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Bactericidal

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Is a chemicalthat destroys bacteria except for those in the endospore stage. It may or maynot be effective on other microbial groups.

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Virucidal

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CHEMICAL KNOWN TOINACTIVATE VIRUSES, ESPECIALLY ON LIVING TISSUE

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Lyophilization

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Freezing& drying. A method of preserving microorganisms (& other substances) byfreezing & then drying them directly from a frozen state

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Desiccation

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Exposingvegetative cells to normal room air causing them to gradually becomedehydrated. To dry thoroughly. To preserve by drying.

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Thermal death time

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Theminimum time that is lethal for a test population at a stated temperature iscalled

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Thermal death

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point is thetemperature at which an organism is killed in 10 minutes.

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Ultra high temperaturepasteurization

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ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization sterilizesfood by heating it above 135 °C(275 °F) – the temperaturerequired to kill spores in milk – for 1 to 2 seconds

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MIC

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is the lowestconcentration of a chemical that prevents visible growth of a bacterium

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Broad – spectrum drugs

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Broadspectrum work against a wide variety, i.e. both Gram(+) and Gram(-)

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Penicillinase

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an enzyme thatcan inactivate penicillin, produced by certain bacteria.

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Tyndallization

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sterilizingmethod is to heat the substance being sterilized to 121°C for 15 minutes in apressured system