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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phosphorus
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Macromineral; part of the acid-base buffer system that regulates blood pH
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Chromium
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micromineral; needed for insulin production
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Cobalt
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micromineral; essential component of vitamin B12
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Iodine
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micromineral; needed for synthesis of thyroxine
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Manganese
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micromineral; part o the enzyme responsible for fat synthesis
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Zinc
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micromineral; a component of multiple enzymes used in metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism
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Major electrolytes
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sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride
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Best source of dietary calcium
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Milk and milk products
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Despite low dietary intakes for most Americans, deficiency symptoms of this mineral are rare except in patients with alcohol abuse, protein malnutrition, renal or endocrine disorders and prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
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Manganese
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Calcium phosphorus, and magesium are this type of mineral
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Macromineral
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A healthy body maintains sodium balance by adjusting the amount of sodium
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excreted in the urine
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Diets rich in fruits and veggies are likely to be high in...
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potassium
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This mineral deficiency leads to tiredness, paleness, shortness of breath, angina and mental confusion in susceptible patients..
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iron
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Calcium absorption is prompted by..
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lactose
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The largest source of sodium in the typical American diet is...
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processed foods
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Minerals constitute ___% of total body weight?
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4%
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Calcium: ___% in bones and teeth, ___% in body fluids (bound and ionized)
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99% in bones and teeth, 1% in body fluids
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Five dimensions of health:
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1. physical
2. intellectual 3. emotional 4. social 5. spiritual |
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What is healthy eating?
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Variation, Moderation, Balance
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Leading cause of death in the US
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1. Heart disease
2. Cancers 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 5. Accidents 6. Diabetes mellitus 7. Pneumonia and influenza 8. Renal disorders 9. Septicemia |
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What does stomach absorb?
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Water and alcohol
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What does the duodenum absorb?
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iron, calcium, fats, sugars, water, proteins, vitamins, magnesium, sodium
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What does the jejunum absorb?
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sugars, phosphates
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What does the ileum absorb?
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bile salts, vitamin B12, chloride
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What does the colon absorb?
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water, electrolytes
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Monounsaturated fat:
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OLEIC ACID; fatty acid containing carbon chain with one unsaturated double bond. Sources: olive oil, peanuts, peanut butter, canola oil
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Polyunsaturated fat:
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fatty acid containing two or more double bonds to a carbon chain;
Omega 6 (linoleic acid): vegetable oils Omega 3 (linolenic acid): EPA eicosapentaenoci acid, the main omega-3 fatty acid in fish. |
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Cholesterol
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not a fat but a sterol that is vital for the formation of a variety of body substances
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These are building blocks of lipids and are NOT synthesized by the body:
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-linoleic acid (alpha)
-linolenic acid (gamma) - arachidonic acid |
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RDA of Lipids
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<30% of total calores/day
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Sources of lipids
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animal products
desserts sweets avocado olives coconuts some nuts and their oils starches |
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Fat free means...
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<0.5 g fat
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Low fat means...
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<3 grams of fat
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Reduced or less fat means...
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At least 25% less fat than the reference food
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Light
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one third fewer calories or 50% less fat than reference food
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Vitamins
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Organic substances that are metabolized as building blocks for many body substances
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Minerals
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inorganic substances that are used and excreted unchanged by the body
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