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87 Cards in this Set
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Fluorite
CaF2 Class: Halide |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 4 Specific gravity: 3.1-3.3 Luster: Vitreous Color: extremely variable (yellow, green, blue, green, purple, black Cleavage: perfect octahedral |
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Halite
NaCl Class: Halide |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 2.5 Specific gravity: 2.1-2.2 Luster: Vitreous Color: Typically white or clear Cleavage: perfect cubic |
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Sylvite
KCl Class: Halide |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 2 Specific gravity: 1.99 Luster: Vitreous Color: colorless, white, bluish, yellowish-red Cleavage: perfect cubic |
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Scheelite
CaWO4 Class: Tungstate |
System: Tetragonal
Hardness: 4.5-5 Specific gravity: 5.9-6.1 Luster: Admantine Color: yellow, green reddish-gray Cleavage: good |
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Apatite
Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) Class: Phosphates |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 5 Specific gravity: 3.16-3.22 Luster: Vitreous to subresinous Color: Varies, colorless, yellow, green, brown, red, blue Cleavage: poor parallel to base |
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Copper
Cu Class: Native element |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 2.3-3 Specific gravity: 8.93 Luster: metalic Color: copper red, sometimes with a green or black film over it Cleavage: none |
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Sulfur
S Class: Native element |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 1.5-2.5 Specific gravity: 2-2.1 Luster: resinous to greesy Color: lemon yellow Cleavage: poor |
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Graphite
C Class: Native element |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 1-2 Specific gravity: 2.23 Luster: submetalic somethimes dull Color: silver to black Cleavage: perfect |
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Gold
Au Class: Native element |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 2.5-3 Specific gravity: 15.3-19.3 Luster: metalic Color: yellow Cleavage: none |
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Bornite
Cu5FeS4 Class: Sulphides |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 3 Specific gravity: 5.7 Luster: submetalic Color: reddish bronze with iridecent purple and blue Cleavage: poor |
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Galena
PbS Class: Sulphides |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 2.5-2.8 Specific gravity: 7.2-7.6 Luster: metalic Color: gray Cleavage: perfect cubic |
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Sphalerite
ZnS Class: Sulphides |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 3.9-4.2 Luster: adamantine to resinous Color: yellow or reddish-brown if pure, blackish, pink, green or colorless Cleavage: perfect dodecahedron |
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Cinnabar
HgS Class: Sulphides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 2-2.5 Specific gravity: 8.10 Luster: adamantine Color: red Cleavage: perfect |
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Molybdenite
MoS2 Class: Sulphides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 1-1.5 Specific gravity: 4.7 Luster: metallic Color: bluish-gray Cleavage: perfect clevage |
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Covellite
CuS Class: Sulphides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 1.5-2 Specific gravity: 4.59-4.76 Luster: submetallic Color: indigo blue Cleavage: perfect clevage |
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Chalcopyrite
CuFeS2 Class: Sulphides |
System: Tetragonal
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 4.2-4.3 Luster: semimetallic Color: Dark or brassy yellow Cleavage: no cleavage |
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Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni)9S8 Class: Sulphides |
System: isometric
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 4.6-5.2 Luster: metallic Color: light bronze-yellow Cleavage: none |
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Pyrrhotite
Fe1-xS Class: Sulphides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3.5-4.5 Specific gravity: 4.6 Luster: metallic Color: yellow-bronze Cleavage: |
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Pyrite
FeS2 Class: Sulphides |
System: Isometric
Specific gravity: 6-6.5 Luster: bright metallic Color: Fairly dark yellow Cleavage: poor Streak: Greenish Black |
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Marcasite
FeS2 Class: Sulphides |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: 4.8-4.9 Luster: metallic Color: Pale yellow with a slight green tinge Cleavage: poor cleavage Streak: Greenish Black Crystals: Spearhead crystals |
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Arsenopyrite
FeAsS Class: Sulphides |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5.5-6 Specific gravity: 5.9-6.2 Luster: metallic Color: Silvery or whiteish-gray Cleavage: good cleavage Streak: Black Gives off strong odor of garlic when struck by a hammer |
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Chalcocite
Cu2S Class: Sulphides |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 2.5-3 Specific gravity: 4.5-5.8 Luster: Dull Color: dull gray, color altered on the surface to black and green Fracture: conchoidal Streak: shiny dark grey |
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Hematite
Fe2O3 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Specific gravity: 5.2-5.3 Luster: metallic Color: Grey and red. Sometimes with iridescent surfaces Streak: Dark cherry red |
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Corundum
Al2O3 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 9 Specific gravity: 3.9-4.1 Luster: Adamantine luster Color: Variable Usually brown or grey, sometimes red, blue, yellow, green, purple, colorless Streak: Dark cherry red Cleavage: none, Nearly rectangular parting Transparent to semi-opaque |
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Bauxite
Complex of Aluminous hydroxides Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: None (an aggregate)
Hardness: 1-3, 2.5-3, 2.5-3, 6.5-7 Specific gravity: 2.3-2.7 Luster: earthy Color: whitish-yellow to reddish-brown |
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Ilmenite
FeTiO3 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 4.5-5 Luster: submetallic Color: Black or dark brown Fracture: pseudo-rhombohedral fracture Streak: Black to brownish red Sometimes weakly magnetic |
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Magnetite
Fe3O2 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Specific gravity: 5.2 Luster: metallic Color: Black Streak: Black Strongly magnetic |
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Rutile
TiO2 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Tetragonal
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: heavy Luster: adamantine Color: Yellow red brown or black Cleavage: perfect Streak: Brown Long prismatic crystals often striated in other minerals |
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Chromite
(FeMg)Cr2O4 Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: ismetric
Hardness: 5.5 Specific gravity: 4.5-4.8 Luster: submetallic Color: Black and brown Fracure: even Streak: Dark-brown Weakly magnetic |
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Goethite
FeO(OH) Class: Oxides and Hydroxides |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 5-5.5 Specific gravity: 4.3 Luster: silky Color: grey or brown Cleavage: Perfect Streak: Brownish- yellow feels greasy |
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Gypsum
CaSO4*2H2O Class: Sulfate |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2 Specific gravity: 2.35 Luster: Vitreous or silky Color: White grey yellow or brown Cleavage: Perfect Soluble in HCl |
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Barite
BaSO4 Class: Sulphate |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 2.5-3.5 Specific gravity: 4.48 Luster: vitreous Color: Colorless, yellow, red, green, black Cleavage: Perfect prismatic Streak: white insoluble in acids |
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Calcite
CaCO3 Carbonate |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3 Specific gravity: 2.71 Luster: vitreous or perly Color: Colorless, white, pink, green, yellow Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral Streak: white Strong reaction with HCl |
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Aragonite
CaCO3 Carbonate |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 2.95 Luster: vitreous Color: Colorless, white, pink, green, yellow Cleavage: indistinct prismatic Streak: white Strong reaction with HCl |
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Rhodochrosite
MnCO3 Carbonite |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3.5-4.5 Specific gravity: 3.3-3.6 Luster: vitreous or perly Color: red, pink Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral Streak: pale, slightly pinkish |
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Magnesite
MgCO3 Carbonate |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3.5-4.5 Specific gravity: 3.0 Luster: vitreous or silky Color: white, yellow, grey Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral Streak: white Conchoidal fracture sometimes |
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Dolomite
(CaMg)(CO3)2 Carbonate |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 2.85-2.95 Luster: vitreous or perly Color: Colorless, white, pink, yellow Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral Streak: white weak reaction with HCl when powdered |
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Malachite
Cu2CO3(OH)2 Carbonate |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 4.0 Luster: vitreous or silky Color: Green Cleavage: Good Streak: Light green weak reaction with HCl |
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Azurite
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Carbonate |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 3.83 Luster: vitreous or adamantine Color: Blue Cleavage: fairly good Streak: Pale-blue strong reaction with HCl |
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Siderite
FeCO2 Carbonate |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 3.5-4 Specific gravity: 3.7-3.9 Luster: vitreous Color: Pale yellow to dark brown to black Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral Streak: white No reaction with cold HCl, strong reaction with hot HCl |
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Olivine- Forsterite
Mg2SiO4 Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 6.5-7 Specific gravity: 3.27-4.20 Luster: vitreous Color: Olive green to yellowish or brown through alteration Fracture: Conchoidal Streak: |
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Olivine- Fayalite
Fe2SiO4 Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 6.5-7 Specific gravity: 3.27-4.20 Luster: vitreous Color: Olive green to yellowish or brown through alteration Fracture: Conchoidal Streak: |
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Garnet- Pyrope
Mg3Al2Si3O12 Nesosilicates |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 6.5-7.5 Specific gravity: 3.58 Luster: vitreous Color: Dark red Fracture: breaks into splinters Streak:white |
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Garnet- Almandine
Fe3Al2Si3O12 Nesosilicates |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 6.5-7.5 Specific gravity: 3.58 Luster: Usually opaque but sometimes transparent with adamantine luster Color: Bright to dark red sometimes with brown or violet tints Fracture: breaks into splinters Streak: white |
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Garnet- Grossular
Ca3Al2Si3O12 Nesosilicates |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 6.5-7.5 Specific gravity: 3.59 Luster: Vitreous Color: Cinnamon brown to orange, bright green, pink red or black Fracture: breaks into splinters Streak: white Fluorescent in UV light faint greenish yellow |
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Zircon
ZrSiO4 Nesosilicates |
System: Tetragonal
Hardness: 7.5 Specific gravity: 3.9-4.8 Luster: adamantine Color: Colorless, yellow, red, brown, gray, green Fracture: Conchoidal Cleavage: indistinct Streak: |
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Titanite
CaTiSiO5 Nesosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-5.5 Specific gravity: 3.45 Luster: adamantine to resinous Color: white, yellow-green, dark brown or black Cleavage: distinct Streak: white |
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Topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 8 Specific gravity: 3.49 Luster: Vitreous Color:colorless, yellow, blue, green, violet, reddish-yellow Cleavage: Perfect basal Streak: white prismatic crystals |
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Andalusite
Al2SiO5 Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 7.5 if unaltered Specific gravity: 3.16-3.20 Luster: vitreous or opaque Color: Flesh red, brown, red or dark olive green Cleavage: perfect parallel to prisim face Streak: white square prismatic crystals often with surface alteration into white mica |
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Sillimanite
Al2SiO5 Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 6-7 Specific gravity: 3.2 Luster: vitreous to pearly Color: Gray, brown to pale green Cleavage: perfect parallel to fibers Streak: white long slender fibrous crystals |
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Kyanite
Al2SiO5 Nesosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: 6-7 across cleavage planes, 4-5 along cleavage planes Specific gravity: 3.67 Luster: vitreous to pearly Color: light blue often. Sometimes white, grey green with spots or stripes Cleavage: perfect prismatic Streak: white sometimes ingrown with staurolite |
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Staurolite
Fe2Al9Si4O23(OH) Nesosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 7-7.5 Specific gravity: 3.73 Luster: vitreous to resinous Color: reddish brown to black Cleavage: Streak: colorless Often coated with an earthy alteration due to alteration |
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Epidote
Ca2(Al,Fe)3Si3O12(OH) Sorosilicates |
System: monoclinic
Hardness: 6.5 Specific gravity: 3.4 Luster: vitreous Color: shades of green with yellowish or grayish tints Cleavage: distinct Streak: fibrous radiating aggregates |
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Tourmaline
(Na,Ca)(Fe,Mg,Al,Li)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(O,OH,F)4 Cyclosilicates |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 7 Specific gravity: 3-3.25 Luster: vitreous or resinous Color: various Cleavage: Chonclidal fracture Streak: prismatic crystals |
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Beryl
Be3Al2(SiO3)6 Cyclosilicates |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 7.5-8 Specific gravity: 2.65-2.90 Luster: vitreous. Becomes opaque with inclusions Color: grayish-white, greyish-yellowish-white, pale blue Cleavage: imperfect basal Streak: white |
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Pumpellyte
Ca2MgAl2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2(H2O) Sorosillicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5.5 Specific gravity: 3.2 Luster: vitreous Color: Bluegreen, olive green, brown Cleavage: good rectangular Streak: white |
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Enstatite
MgSiO3 Inosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 5.5 Specific gravity: 3.1-3.2 Luster: vitreous, pearly on cleavage surfaces Color: Yellowish, green or olive colored Cleavage: good Streak: white |
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Augite
(Ca,Fe,Mg)SiO3 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 3.2-3.5 Luster: vitreous to resinous Color: black,greenish-black,dark brown Cleavage: two good planes almost at right angles Streak: gray green comes |
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Diopside
MgCaSi2O6 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 3.2-3.3 Luster: vitreous Color: pale green, blue whitish, yellow or brown Cleavage: perfect, cleavage planes almost at right angles Streak: white |
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Wollastonite
CaSiO3 Inosilicates |
System: triclinic
Hardness: 4.5-5 Specific gravity: 2.8-3.1 Luster: vitreous to pearly on cleavage surfaces Color: white or greyish Cleavage: perfect Streak: white |
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Spodumene
LiAl(SiO3) Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 6.5-7 Specific gravity: 3.1-3.2 Luster: vitreous Color: whitish,yellow, gray, pink, green Cleavage: perfect prismatic Streak: white large crystals with vertical straiations |
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Rhodonite
(Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3 Inosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Specific gravity: 3.4-3.7 Luster: vitreous Color: Deep pink, tending to brown in cleavage surfaces Cleavage: perfect prismatic almost at right angles Streak: white? |
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Prehnite
Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Inosilicates |
System: Orthorhombic
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: 2.95 Luster: vitreous Color: light green Cleavage: perfect basal Streak: white |
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Glaucophane
Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: 3.08-3.3 Luster: vitreous Color: Pale blue-gray, dark blue or black Cleavage: perfect prismatic Streak: white or pale blue |
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Tremolite
Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 2.9 Luster: vitreous Color: white, pale gray-greenish Cleavage: perfect Streak: white silky in fibrous aggregates |
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Actinolite
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 3.1-.3. Luster: vitreous Color: light to dark green Cleavage: perfect prismatic Streak: |
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Hornblende
(K,Na)0-1(Ca,Na,Fe,Mg)2(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2 Inosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 5-6 Specific gravity: 3-3.4 Luster: vitreous Color: dark green or black Cleavage: Perfect prismatic 120 degrees Streak: |
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Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic, orthorhombic,hexagonal
Hardness: 2.5-4 Specific gravity: 3.22.5-2.6 Luster: greasy to pearly Color: Yellowish white or green Cleavage: Streak: hella fibrous |
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Talc
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 1 Specific gravity: 2.58-2.83 Luster: pearly Color: white, greenish-white, gray or brown Cleavage: perfect into laminae Streak: white no crystals |
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Kaolinite
Al2Si2O10(OH)4 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2-2.5 Specific gravity: 2.58-2.60 Luster: pearly Color: yellowish gray to brown Cleavage: perfect basal Streak: white usually earthy clayey aggregates |
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Lepidolite
KLi2Al(Al,Si)3O10(F,OH)2 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2.5-4 Specific gravity: 2.8-2.9 Luster: pearly Color: pink to purple Cleavage: perfect basal cleavage Streak: cleaves into sheets easily |
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Muscovite
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2-2.25 Specific gravity: 2.76-2.88 Luster: pearly Color: silvery white, yellow to dark brown Cleavage: perfect basal into laminae Streak: |
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Biotite
K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2.25-3 Specific gravity: 2.8-3.2 Luster: vitreous Color: black brown or dark green Cleavage: perfect basal into laminae Streak: |
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Chlorite
(Mg5Al)(AlSi3)O10(OH)8 Phyllosilicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 2-2.25 Specific gravity: 2.6-2.8 Luster: pearly Color: Blue-green with yellowish tints Cleavage: perfect basal into inelastic laminae Streak: |
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Quartz
SiO2 Tectosillicates |
System: hexagonal
Hardness: 7 Specific gravity: 2.65 Luster: vitreous Color: variable Cleavage:none Conchoidal fracture Streak: white |
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Chalcedony
SiO2 Tectosillicates |
System: hexagonal
Hardness: 7 Specific gravity: 2.6 Luster: dull waxy to vitreous Color: variable Cleavage: none Conchoidal fracture Streak: concentric bands of color common |
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Opal
SiO2*nH2O Tectosillicates |
System:
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Specific gravity: 1.9-2.5 Luster: greasy Color: colorless, white, hazy blue, black, has iridescence Cleavage: none Conchoidal fracture |
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K-Feldspar-Sanidine
(K,Na)AlSi3O8 Tectosillicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 6 Specific gravity: 2.53-2.56 Luster: earthy Color: white, gray, yellow Cleavage: distinct 90 degree |
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K-Feldspar-Orthoclase
(K,Na)AlSi3O8 Tectosillicates |
System: Monoclinic
Hardness: 6 Specific gravity: 2.55-2.63 Luster: vitreous or pearly Color: white, gray, yellow,pink, gray Cleavage: distinct 90 degree streak: white |
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K-Feldspar-Microcline
(K,Na)AlSi3O8 Tectosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: 2.55-2.63 Luster: vitreous Color: white, pink, yellowish, bluegreen Cleavage: distinct nearly 90 degree streak: white |
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Plagioclase-Albite
NaAlSiO8 Tectosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: 6-6.5 Specific gravity: 2.62 Luster: vitreous Color: white or colorless Cleavage: perfect basal streak: white fine striations on basal cleavage planes |
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Plagioclase-Labradorite
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8 Tectosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: varies depending on Ca content Specific gravity: 2.62-2.76 Luster: vitreous or pearly Color: Colorless, white, yellow, green, sometimes pink or reddish Cleavage: perfect basal, makes nearly right angle with good side streak: white Sometimes has strong iridescence |
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Plagioclase-Anorthite
CaAl2Si2O8 Tectosilicates |
System: Triclinic
Hardness: varies depending on Ca content Specific gravity: 2.62-2.76 Luster: vitreous or pearly Color: Colorless, white, yellow, green, sometimes pink or reddish Cleavage: perfect basal, makes nearly right angle with good side streak: white soluble in HCl |
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Nepheline
NaAlSiO4 Tectosilicates |
System: Hexagonal
Hardness: 5.5-6 Specific gravity: Luster: greasy, rarely vitreous Color: white, yellow, gray, green, reddish Cleavage: perfect basal, makes nearly right angle with good side streak: white |
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Leucite
KAlSi2O6 Tectosilicates |
System: Tetragonal
Hardness: 5.5-6 Specific gravity: 1 Luster: Vitreous, often opaque Color: white Cleavage: none Conchoidal fracture streak: white |
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Sodalite
Na4Al3Si3O12Cl Tectosilicates |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 5.5-6 Specific gravity: 2.27-2.33 Luster: Vitreous, often opaque Color: Bright blue, white, gray, green tints Cleavage: poor streak: usually in compact masses |
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Zeolite (Analcime)
NaAlSi2O6*(H2O) Tectosilicates |
System: Isometric
Hardness: 5-5.5 Specific gravity: 15.5-19.3 Luster: Vitreous Color: colorless, white, pink, yellow Cleavage: none streak: white earthy or radiating granular aggregates. |
