Minerals

Front 1

What is matter? It can be classified in 3 forms, what are these 3 forms?

Back 1

- anything that takes up space and has mass
- matter can be classified into 3 forms: 1. elements
2. compounds
3. mixtures
(ECM)

Front 2

What are the four states of matter?

Back 2

1. Gas (Gary)
2. Liquid(Likes)
3. Solid(Soda)
4. Plasa(Pop)

Front 3

What are elements?

Back 3

- cannot be broken down into simpler forms
- 114 elements
- 90 elements occur naturally
- each element is represented by a symbol

Front 4

What is an atom? Define the atomic structure.

Back 4

- an atom is the building block of all matter
- it is possible to have a single atom of an element

Front 5

What is an atom? Define the atomic Structure.

Back 5

- an atom is the building block of all matter
- it is possible to have a single atom of an element
- atomic structure: 3 different types of particles:
1. protons- positively charged
2. eletrons- negatively charged, found in rings/shells that cirlce the nucleus
3. neutrons- has no charge, found in the nucleus
(PEN)

Front 6

What is a molecule?

Back 6

- a molecule is a neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons

Front 7

what is a compound? what is a mixture?

Back 7

compound:
- pure substance that contains 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded

mixture:
- 2 or more substances that are physically combined(rocks become mixtures)
EX: salt water is a mixture of sodium chloride

Front 8

define chemical formulas

Back 8

- shows the elements in a compound and the number of ecah ele,emt in that compound
~ to represent the number of each element use a subscript

Front 9

what is a subscript?

Back 9

- a small number found to the bottom right of a n element's symbol
- if there is only one element, no subscript is necessary

2NaCl (coefficient) + H2O (subcript)

Front 10

minerals: what characteristics must a mineral posses? how many minerals are found on earth? what does crystalline mean?

Back 10

minerals:
- naturally occurring
- inorganic
- solid
- crystalline structure
~ with a definate chemical composition

*4000 minerals are found on earth

crystalline: means that atoms are arranged in repeating patterns
(SIN CS CC)

Front 11

define crystals. what are the crystal structures?

Back 11

- a crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns
6 major crystal structures:
1. hexagonal
2. orthorhombic
3. triclinic
4. monoclinic
5. cubic
6. tetragonal

Front 12

what are the ways crystals can form?

Back 12

- form from magma
- form from lava
- form from solutions

Front 13

what are silicates? wat are the made of?

Back 13

- a group of minerals that form most rocks
- made of: oxygen and silicon, which are the 2 most abundant elements in the earth's crust
- oxygen and silcon combine to form most of earth's minerals

Front 14

what is a commone silicate?

Back 14

a common silicate is quartz