Mim: Cells And Tissues Of The Immune System

Front 1

where do immune cells come from?

Back 1

all the cellular elements of the immune system arise from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow

Front 2

cytokines

Back 2

small proteins (instructive molecules) that tell other cells what to do

signals to other hematopoietic stem cells that induce them to irreversibly differentiate into specialized immune cells, losing their potentiality and committing to a certain developmental path

Front 3

chemokines

Back 3

signal other cells

are chemoattractive and tell cells where to go

Front 4

lymphoid lineage cells

Back 4

gives rise to B-cell, T-cell, and Natural Killer Cells

also produces dendritic cells

Front 5

myeloid lineage cells

Back 5

gives rise to macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells

Front 6

neutrophils

Back 6

acute inflammation; can phagocytize invading material (fungi/bacteria)

only leaves blood when signaled by cytokines in chemokines at site of infection
-therefore, not ound in healthy tissue

along with macrophages, neutrophils are active at the early stages of the immune cells as phagocytic cells

Front 7

which cells are APCs?

Back 7

macrophages and dendritic cells

Front 8

eosinophil function

Back 8

killing of antibody-coated parasites

Front 9

mast cell function

Back 9

release of granules containing histamine and other active agents

Front 10

why are dendritic cells important?

Back 10

key link between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system
-activate naive T-cells
-are APCs

Front 11

natural killer cells

Back 11

release lytic granules that kill some virus-infected cells

act against viral infected cells

evolutionarily developed to virus adaptation

check cells to make sure they have not down-regulated MHC-1 expression

act early in the immune response to kill infected cells

Front 12

where are lymphocytes found?

Back 12

mostly found in the secondary lymphoid tissues/organs; only a small fraction are in the blood or lymph

Front 13

primary lymphoid tissue

Back 13

bone marrow and thymus
-where B and T cells are made and matured

Front 14

secondary lymphoid tissues

Back 14

"checkpoints" along lymph system that act like filters to catch antigens and pathogens to be destroyed by the immune cells

sites of antigen recognition and immune cell activation

Front 15

steps in B-cell generation

Back 15

- B-cell precursor rearranges its immunoglobulin genes. generation of B-cell receptors in the bone marrow

-negative selection in the bone marrow (immature B cells that bing to self are removed and destroyed)

-Mature B cell bound to foreign antigen is activated; migration of B cells to peripheral lymphoid organs and activation

-activated B-cells give rise to plasma and memory cells; antibody secretion and memory cells in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue

Front 16

steps in T-cell generation

Back 16

- T-cell precursor rearranges its T-cell receptor genes in the thymus

-positive and negative selection in the thymus

-mature T cells migrate to the peripheral lymphoid organs

-activated T-cells migrate to sites of infection and eliminate the infection

Front 17

where are B-cells found in the lymph node?

Back 17

cortex and lymphoid follicle

Front 18

where does lymph supply come from in lymph nodes?

Back 18

afferentlymphatic vessel