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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Also known as the Great War, it took place between 1914-1918
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World War I |
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4 Reasons for WWI
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1. Militarism 2. Alliances 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism |
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Why was the US initially not involved with the war effort? |
2. President Wilson declared strict neutrality policy |
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Cause of tension in Europe
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Assasination of Austrian Arch Duke and his wife blamed on Serbia.
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The Schlieffen Plan
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German War plan that called for an attack passing through Belgium to capture Paris |
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Why did the US get involved |
2. American propaganda stressed German barbarism 3. German dictatorship - "Making the world safe for Democracy 4. US business interests 5. Zimmerman note |
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What was the Zimmerman note
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Germany contacted Mexico in order to persuade them to attack the US. |
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Selected Service Act |
Authorized President Wilson to raise a volunteer infantry force. |
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What guidance did Gen John Pershing receive from the SEC of War? |
"to cooperate with the forces of other countries, but in doing so, the underlying idea must be kept in view that the forces of the US are separate and distinct component of the combined forces, the identity of which must be preserved" |
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how many casualties did the American Expeditionary Forces suffer by the end of the war?
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112,432 KIA (50% of deaths due to illness/disease) |
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how many African-American troops served in WWI
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approximately 200,000 served in Europe, but only about 42,000 were classified as combat troops. |
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A significant element of WWI was _____
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The trenches. |
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Battle of Ypres
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- saw the first use of chemical warfare (chlorine gas) - killed over 6000 Canadian troops - protected themselves with handkerchiefs soaked in urine |
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Battle of Somme
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- 57,470 killed on first day of battle due to inability to adjust doctrine - 1.25 Million killed only to advance 11km |
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Battle of Verdun
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- |
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Technological Advancements of WWI
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2. Air Warfare 3. Tank Warfare 4. Advanced Artillery 5. Machine Guns 6. Bolt Action Rifles (Springfield M1903) |
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General Giulio Douhet |
Argued that command of an enemy's airspace and subsequent bombing of industrialized centers would be so disruptive and destructive that the pressure for peace would be overwhelming. |
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Adolf Hitler
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1. the Fuhrer (Leader) of the German National Socialist party 2. Promised to overturn Treaty of Versaille and secure "lebensraum" (living space) for German People 3. Became German Chancellor in 1933 and eventually established himself as Dictator. |
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Blitzkrieg
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2. showed cooperation between naval, air and ground forces to concurrently attack and surround enemies quickly |
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how did the Germans prepare for war
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trained using mock tanks and flew out of modified civilian air fields to develop and refine new tactics |
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basis of warfare in WWII |
Initially military tactics and blitzkriegs, but later became a war reliant on industry and mass production. |
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Operation Sea Lion |
2. never carried out due to loss at Battle of Britain. |
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To what did GEN Patton attribute his victory at the 2nd battle of Kesserine pass?
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Having read his opposing General's book.
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what new British weapon forced Germans to pay a heavy price for bombing
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Radar
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Objectives of OPN Husky
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1. knock Italy out of the War 2. Persuade Turkey to Join Allies 3. set Balkins aflame 4. open Mediterranean for allied shipping 5. ultimately launch US/UK armies into Austria and the heart of Germany. |
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most visible sign of cooperation between US and Soviet Union
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Lend-Lease agreement |
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Why did Hitler sign a non aggression treaty with the USSR in 1939? |
- signed out of necessity due to already engagements on multiple other fronts.. - way to protect his eastern front. |
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Operation Barbarosa |
-Germans entered USSR as conquerors not liberators, compelling avg Soviet citizen to defend Stalin's regime. |
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Battle of Stalingrad
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-Broke through Russian lines, but did not take the city -Germans eventually surrendered after being surrounded -MOUT deprived German forces of flexibility and mobility |
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Battle of Kursk |
-involved 900 armored vehicles -resulted in Soviet Victory |
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D-Day |
-OPN Overlord -Allied invasion of Eurpoe -3 years of planning |
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Omaha Beach |
-Defenses halted the advance on the beach for much of the morning |
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Utah Beach |
-Beachhead secured within hrs -4th ID started inland to make contact with Airbourne elements further inland |
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Douglas C-47 Dakota |
-workhorse of the AAF -carried personnel and cargo and served in combat roles by towing gliders and paratroopers |
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Liberation of Paris, France
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-Allied forces led by French 2nd AD |
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Battle of the Bulge
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-German advance favored Allied defensive positions. -Allied defenses held, forcing Germans to retreat -Cost Germans 30k killed, 70k wounded |
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Battle of Bastogne
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-Bastogne major hub for LOCs -Initial German Attacks struck with surprise -25 German DIV involved, most at only 40-60% strength -German attack failed for a number of reasons |
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Pearl Harbor
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- 2403 killed -188 planes destroyed -crippled Pacific Fleet, 8 damaged/destroyed battleships |
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Battle of Midway
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-also a strategic "midway" point between Japan and HI -US had advance knowledge due to cracking JAP Naval Code -Japanese overconfidence disregarded a plan for counter attack. |
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Significant WWII Technology
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-Aviation -Armor -Airborne Operations -Submarines -Rockets (German V2) -The Atomic Bomb -Weapons (Colt 1911) |
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The Atomic Bomb
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-temp of 300k C -Altitude of 10.1miles -Radioactive debris (Black Rain) fell heavily for over an hour killing 66k |
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Yalta Convention
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-3 Allied leaders met to decide what the world would look like after WWII |
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Winston Churchill |
-warned that an "iron curtain" was descending through the middle of Europe
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Cold War
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MAD |
Mutual Assured Destruction |
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Warsaw Pact
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-Signed by Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Soviet Union -allowed the Red Army to be based in member states and provided a unified command |
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Korean War |
-too dependent on tanks and Arty -Helicopters developed |
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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-PRES Kennedy announced that an attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack from USSR. -3 Soviet subs had arrived undetected with launch authority of nuclear warheads. |
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Task Force Smith
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-first US Army combat formation to deploy from Japan to SK. -1st BN, 21st IN Regt, 24th ID -Purpose was to slow NK advance -Far outnumber by NK troops, forced to widthdrawl |
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Vietnam War
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-First US Troops, 9th Marine Exp BDE -Ho Chi Minh Trail -Air Cavalry established in 1965 -Smart Bomb developed -IR Scopes used -Guerilla tactics proved more effective against US troops than force-on-force encounters. |
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Ho Chi Minh
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-Japan transfers all power to Vietminh -declared Vietnamese independence in 1945 |
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Operation Rolling Thunder
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-sustained US bombing raid of N. Vietnam for 3 years |
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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-complex web of jungle paths that enabled Communist troops to travel from N. Vietnam to areas close to Saigon. |
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Operation Junction City
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-4 DIVs + involved in massive S&D mission along Cambodian Border |
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Battle Of Khe Sanh
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-NVA began shelling US base on 20Jan -Marines could only be reinforced by air -OPN Pegasus launched to relieve -Friendly casualties :168 KIA, 443 WIA, 2MIA -NVA casualties: 824 WIA, 551 KIA |
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Tet Offensive
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-caught US off guard -US forces repelled the attack within days -Viewed as a military defeat, but political and psychological victory for NVA |
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Technology of Vietnam Conflict
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-Bell UH-1 (Huey) Helicopter -Smart Bombs -IR Scopes -Evolution of conventional Warfare |
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US Contingency OPS from 1958-present
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-Dominican Republic 1965-66 -Mayaguez 1975 -Beirut 1982-84 -Grenada 1983 -Panama 1988-90 -Somalia 1992-94 -Haiti 1994-95 -Bosnia and Kosovo |
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Kuwait, 2Aug1990
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-Saddam Hussein ordered Iraqi Forces to occupy -seized control of oil fields -Emir of Kuwait driven into exile -attack caused UN to block Iraq from INT Trade -CENTCOM began movement of forces same day |
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Iraqi Army
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-modern technology -battle hardened |
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Operation Desert Storm
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-37 countries involved, 11 providing troops, and 4 support -Computer Virus disabled Iraqi Air Defense |
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Instant Thunder |
-prevent costly ground war |
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Technology of Desert Storm |
-F117 Stealth Fighter -Patriot Missile -Computer Viruses -GPS -JSTARS |
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Coalition's Aerial Attack
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-F15's were then able to destroy SCUD missiles -Computer virus deployed to disable Air Defenses -F117s bombed key targets with precision munitions -Tomahawk missiles and B52s deploy payloads -1 aircraft lost in entire operation. |
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Hundred hour ground battle
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-consisted of a flanking movement on a very large scale. |
