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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the hardest thing to deal with while in space?
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Lack of gravity
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What percentage of new astronauts experience space sickness?
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75% (1/3 are REALLY sick)
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What is the current standard pharmocologic treatment for space sickness?
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Scopalamine 0.4mg
Dexedrine 2.5-5mg PO OR Promethazine 25-50mg IM |
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What is the site of the circadian rhythm in humans?
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus
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What are 4 physiological systems influenced by the cicrcadian pacemaker?
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-Melatonin
-Core body temp -Triglycerides -Alertness -Reaction time |
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What do these symptoms suggest:
"sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, GI distress, general malaise, HA, cognitive difficulties, poor coordination, mood disturbance" |
Jet lag
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What are several operational strategies for combating sleep deprivation?
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-Powernaps <45min
-Caffeine -Regular exercise -Bright light -Stimulants -Hypnotics |
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How long does space sickness usually last?
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2-3 days in space
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Which law of physics should you think about when you think about decompression sickness? (Bubbles coming out of solution)
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Henry's Law
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What law should you think of when you think about nitrogen toxicity? Or lack of oxygen at altitude?
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Dalton's Law
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What law of physics should you think of when you think about gas embolism while diving?
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Boyle's Law
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What are the 5 essential ingredients for barotrauma? HINT!!!
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-Gas-filled space
-Rigid walls -Ambient pressure change -Vascular penetration -Enclosed space |
GRAVE
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What are 5 barotrauma squeezes?
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-Mask (forgetting to use nose)
-Suit (poorly fitting) -Sinus (polyps, infection) -Tooth (cavities, dentistry) -EAR (middle, most common) -Lung (rare of breathhold dives) |
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What method of heat loss:
"the transfer of heat from a warm object to a cold object when the two objects are in contact with each other" |
Conductive
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What method of heat loss:
"occurs in response to movement of a fluid or gas" |
Convective
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What method of heat loss:
"occurs when a liquid (such as sweat) changes phase to a vapor (sweat vapor)" |
Evaporation
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What method of heat loss:
"heat loss from the body occurs primarily due to infrared emission" |
Radiation
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What 5 things make Special Ops medical problems unique?
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-Strategic
-Tactical -Level of training -Level of resources -Pre-existing health and fitness of operator |
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What are a bunch of medical extremes that may be encountered by Special Ops troops?
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-Tactical combat casuality care
-High energy ballistic wounds -Medicine to indigenous people -Medicine in austere settings -Hypobaric medicine -Barometric (diving) injuries -Cold weather injuries -Heat injuries -Medicine in NBC environment -Non-standard evac platforms (CASEVAC) |
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What are the 3 pillers of physical health?
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-Nutrition
-Exercise -Sleep |
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What are the 4 components of exercise demans?
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-Strength
-Power -Power-endurance -Endurance |
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What are the 4 subcomponents of exercise demans?
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-Speed and agility
-Flexibility -Coordination -Reaction time |
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Identify the incidence of Space Motion sickness in Sapce Shuttle Astronauts
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75% of shuttle crews
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When does space motion sickness resolve generally?
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Within first 2-3 days of flight
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What are the associated symptoms of Space motion sickness?
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Motion sickness?
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What is the current therapeutic approach of operational significance for space motion sickness?
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Promethazine 25-50 mg Intramuscularly
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Define: A disorder characterized by lethargy, mealaise, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, 'stuffy' head and/or backache.
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Space Adaptation syndrome
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What are two possible etiologies of space adaptation syndrome?
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Fluid shift and sensory conflict
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What are the two treatment modalities for space adaptation syndrome?
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Adaptation/habituation and pharmacologic
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What is a pharmacologic intervention for Space Adaptation syndrome?
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Promethazine 25-50 mg IM
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Define: A disorder characterized by lethargy, mealaise, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, 'stuffy' head and/or backache.
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Space sickness
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Define: The development of symptoms during upright standing releived by recumbency, or by sittind back down again (wiki) caused by a lack of blood pressure regulation because of lack of gravity.
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Orthostatic intolerance
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What are three potential orthostatic countermeasures?
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Fluid loading, pharmacologic and increase apparent volume
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What are the two physiological problems associated with short duration space flight?
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Space Adaptation syndrome (and SMS) and Cardiovascular (orthostatic intolerance)
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What are the physiological problems associated with long duration space flight?
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Musculoskeletal including Strength & endurance and Bone/Calcium loss
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Define: When blood pressure falls precipitously when standing up (or being exposed to the effects of gravity).
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Orthostatic hypotension
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What are two counter messures minimize the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and intolerance in astronauts upon re-entry?
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Fluid loading and ant-g suit use
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What happens to intravascular volume in a 0 g environment?
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It shrinks
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What causes the dysbarism associated with EVA?
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Decreased ambient pressure (14.7 psi to 4.3 psi)
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What are the four therapeutic options for reducing the bends?
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Recompression, 100% oxygen, fluids and aspirin
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List two prophylactic measures for countering EVA dysbarisms.
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Aspirin and High Pressure EVA suit
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What makes SOF medical problems unique?
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Each SOF medical problem depends upon the operational environment
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List five medical extremes likely to be encountered by SOF operators that are not TCCC, high energy wound ballitics, medicine to indigenous populations, mediicne in auster settings or hpyobaric medicine.
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Barometric (diving) injuries, cold weather injuries, heat injuries, medicine in the NBC environment and Non-standard evacuation platforms (CASEVAC)
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List five medical extremes likely to be encountered by SOF operators that are not Barometric (diving) injuries, cold weather injuries, heat injuries, medicine in the NBC environment, non-standard evacuation platforms (CASEVAC)
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Tactiacl combat casualty care (TCCC), High energy wound ballistics, medicine to indigenous populations, medicine in austere settings, hypobaric medicine
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Define: injuries characterized by submerision incidents, injuries from aquatic animals and aquatic skin disorders.
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Barometric (diving) injuries
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Define: injuries characterized by chilblains (pernio), hypothermia, frostbite, immersion foot (Trench foot) Dehydration, and snow blindness.
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Cold weather injuries
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Define: injuries characterized by sunburn, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, water intoxication and heat stroke.
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Hot weather injuries
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Define: Non-standard Evacuation platforms characterized by cramped spaces, low light, noise, open to the environment, long evac times.
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CASEVAC
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Define: Minmal source of heat loss apart from uncovered head.
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Radiation
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Define: Particularly with poorly acclimated or poorly insulated individuals characterized by loss of heat in the form of water.
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Evaporative
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Define: Heat loss from direct contact with colder objects in the environment.
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Conductive
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Define: Significant loss in poorly insulated individuals particularly if windy
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Convective
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Define: Unintentional decrease of 2 degrees in core temperature
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Accidental hypothermia
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What are the three physiological responses to a loss of body heat?
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1. Increased Metabolic rate, BP, and muscle tone 2. Shivering 3. Tachypnea
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What are the five clinical features of Hypothermia?
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Mental status changes, ataxia, paradoxical undressing, hypotension and bradycardia
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List six field expedient methods of treating hypothermia.
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Warmed PO fluids, remove all wet and constricting clothing and replace with loose/dry clothing, passive warming with heat source, food, exercise, and rest
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List seven field expedient methods for treating severe hypothermia.
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Move pt little, prevent further heat loss, add a vapor barrier, 2 stripped volunteers, Heat packs to axillae, neck and groin, volume resuscitation with warmed fluids, and warmed humidified oxygen
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What are the four pathologic phases of frostbite?
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Prefreeze phase (vasospasticity, plasma leakage); freeze-thaw phase (ice-crystal formation), Vascular stasis phase (vascular spasticity, dilation, plasma leakage, stasis coagulation, shunting), and Late ischemic phase (thrombosis and A-V shunting, ischemia, gangrene, autonomic dsyfunction)
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What type of frost bite? Erythema, edema, transient tingling, numbness, clear blisters and returns to normal with healing.
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Superficial frostbite
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What type of frostbite? Variable sensations, usually numb, hemorrhagic blisters, joints stiff or frozen, no cap refill, eschar forms at 9-15 days.
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Deep frostbite
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What are the five field expedient ways to manage frostbite?
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Prevent Freeze-thaw-refreeze during MEDEVAC, Rapid rewarm in water bath 39-40 degrees, unroof clear blisters (leave hemorrhagic blisters allow), pharmacotherapy (motrin, aloe vera, narcotics), and daily hydrotherapy
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List the three pillars of physical health.
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Nutrition, Exercise and Sleep
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Define: The absence of 'disease'
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fitness
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What type of training attempts to incorporate standars movement of the human body but with application of stress?
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Functional training
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What type of training is characterized by sagittal plane exercises and weight lifting?
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Traditional exercise programs
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List six major muscles groups of the "Core".
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Transversus abdominis, multifidus, internal and external obliques, rectus abdominis, erector spinae (sacrospinalis), the diaphragm
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