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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of the Nervous System?
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Brain
Spinal cord Nerves |
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What 2 parts is the nervous system broken into?
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Central NS
Peripheral NS |
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What 2 parts make up the CNS?
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brain
spinal cord |
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What is the function of the PNS?
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System that connects the peripheral part of the body to the central nervous system. It contains both sensory and motor nerves.
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What are efferent nerves?
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motor nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.
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What are afferent nerves?
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sensory nerves that carry impulses from the body to the brain
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What are the 2 categories of the efferent nervous system?
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somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system |
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What is the CNS responsible for?
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consciousness
mental activites voluntary function(bodily movements and facial expressions) five senses |
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What are the five senses?
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seeing
hearing feeling smelling tasting |
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What does the somatic nervous system do?
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causes us to react to our external environment
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What does the autonomic NS do?
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causes internal regulation of impulses from the CNS to smooth muscles-heart, muscles, blood vessles and glands...INVOLUNTARY
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What 2 divisions does the autonomic NS recieve nerve fibers from?
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sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
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What are the sympathetic nerves responsible for?
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stimulates or speeds up activity and prepares the body for stressful situations
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What are the parasympathetic nerves responsible for?
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active during normal nonstressful conditions and helps to restore and slow down activity
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How much does the average brain weigh?
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44 to 48 oz
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What are the four main sections of the brain?
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cerebrum
cerebellum diencephalon brain stem |
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How many cranial nerves do we have and where do they origonate?
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12 pairs that origonate in the brain
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What 3 body parts do the cranial nerves control?
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head
face neck |
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What is the inner core of the cerebrum made of?
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white matter and bundles of axons covered with a myelin sheath
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What is the outer core of the cerebrum made?
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gray matter full of cell bodies and dendrites
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Where is the cerebrum located?
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front upper part of the carnium
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What is located within the cerebrum?
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the cerebral cortex-most messages from the brain are sent here... conveying thought, hearing sight
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Where is the cerebellum and what is its function?
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attached to the brain stem and coordinates mov, balance, muscle activity and equilibrium
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Where is the diencephalon and what are its 2 parts?
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upper part of the mid-brain composed of the thalamus and hypothalymus
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What does the thalamus do and where is it located?
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relay station for sensory implulses and plays a role in recognition of pain and temp in the body... located in the upper portion of the diencephalon
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What does the hypothalamus do and where is it located?
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controls bodily functions such as the body temperature and the pituitary gland
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What does the brain stem do?
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involved in regulating vital functions like breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure.
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How does the brain stem connect to the body?
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the brain stem connects the spinal cord to the brain
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What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
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midbrain
pons medulla oblongata |
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Where does the spinal cord origonate and how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
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in the brain and there are 31 pairs
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Define a neuron.
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primary structural unit of the nervous system
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What is a dendrite?
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fibers that extend from the nerve cell that recieve impulses from other neurons
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What is the axon of a neuron?
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part of the neuron that sends impulses away from the cell to to other neurons, glands or muscles
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What are the four main parts of a neuron?
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cell body
nucleus dendrite axon |
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What are the 3 types of nerves
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efferent
afferent mixed |
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Define afferent nerves
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carry messages from the sense organs to the brain where sensations are experienced (cold, pressure, sight, sound ect...)
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Define efferent nerves
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motor nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles... creates movement
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Define mixed nerves
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both motor and sensory
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What is a reflex
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automatic nerve reaction to a stimulas-they are not learned
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What 3 cranial nerves are estheticians primarily concerned with?
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V-trigeminal or trifacial
VII-facial XI-accessory |
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What are the 4 principal nerves of the arm and hand?
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digital
radial ulnar median |
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What is the circulatory system commonly called?
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vascular or cardiovascular system
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What 4 parts of the body help to circulate blood?
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heart
arteries veins capillaries |
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What membrane does the heart rest in?
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pericardium
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How much does the heart weigh and what is the average beats per min at rest?
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9oz
72 to 80 |
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What cranial nerve regulates the heart?
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10th-Vagus nerve
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What are the upper and lower chambers of the heart called?
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atrium-upper
ventricles-lower |
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What 2 systems attend to the circulation of blood?
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pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation(general) |
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Define pulmonary circulation?
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sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated
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Define general or systemic circulation?
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carries the oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again
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What are the 3 types of blood vessels in the body?
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arteries
veins capillaries |
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Describe the arteries and their function?
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thick walled, muscular and flexible
carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries |
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Describe the capillaries and function?
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minute thin walled
connect the smaller arteries to the veins and deliver nutrients and carry waste away |
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What is the largest artery in the body?
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aorta
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Describe veins and their function?
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thin walled and not very elastic
carry waste containing blood from capillaries back to the heart |
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How many pints of blood are in the human body?
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8-10 pints
1/20th of the bodys weight |
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What is the normal temp of blood?
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98.6
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What color is blood in the arteries vs veins?
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arteries-bright red
veins- dark red presence of oxygen vs carbon dioxide |
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What are several functions of the blood?
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carries essentials to the body and waste away
it helps to equalize the bodies temp aids in protecting the body from bacterialand infection form blood clots to prvent blood loss |
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What 4 componants make up blood?
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red blood cells
white blood cells plasma platelets |
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Red blood cells are also known as what?
Where are red blood cells made? |
red corpuscules or erythrocytes
red bone marrow |
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What in blood gives it its red color?
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hemoglobin-complex iron
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What is the function of the red blood cells?
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carry oxygen to the bodies cells
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Whats another name for white blood cells?
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White corpuscles
leukocytes |
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What is the primary function of the white blood cells?
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destroy disease causing germs
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What is the function of the platelets?
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contribute to blood clotting
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What is another name for platelets?
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thrombocytes
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What does plasma do?
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it carries food and secretions to the cells and takes carbondioxide away
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What makes up plasma?
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90% water and contains proteins, sugar and oxygen
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Define plasma?
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fluid part of blood
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What arteries are the main source of blood to the head, face and neck?
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common carotids located on either side of the neck
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The carotid arterieds are divided into what 2 branches?
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internal and external carotid
internal:bld to the brain eyes, forehead nose and internal ear external:supplies the bld to the anterior (front) part of the scalp, ear, face, neck and side of t the head |
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What arteries does the external artery subdivide into?
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facial artery
superficial temporal artery occipital, auricular and orbital arteries |
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What is the principal vein in the body?
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jugular- it has
internal and external branches that run parallel to the arteries and contain blood returning from the head, face and neck |
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What are the main arteries for the arm and hands?
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ulnar and radial
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Which are found deeper in the tissue, veins or arteries?
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arteries
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What is another name for the immune system?
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lymphatic system
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What are the main components of the lymph system?
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lymph nodes
thymus gland spleen and lymph vessles |
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What is the main function of the lymph system?
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to protect the body from disease causing microorganisms and to drain the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluids (waste and impurities)
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Define the lymph capillaries?
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vessels or tubes that occur in clusters or individually throughout the body accept the nervous system
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Where are the lymph nodes and what are their functions?
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gland like bodies located in the lymph capillaries that filter the lymph fluid
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What are some extra functions of the lymph system?
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1. carry nourishment from the blood to the cell body
2. defend against invading bacteria 3. remove waste from cells and deliver it to the blood 4. provide a suitable fluid environment for the cells |
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Define the endocrine system?
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group of glands that affect the growth, dev, and sexual activities of the entire body
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What are the 2 main types of glands?
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exocrine (duct) glands
endocrine (ductless) glands |
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Define exocrine glands.
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produce a substance that travels through ducts....
sweat and oil glands |
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Define endocrine glands.
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glands that release secretions called hormones into the bloodstream to stimulate a functional activity...
insulin, adrenaline, estrogen |
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Name a few endocrine glands.
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pineal
pituitary thyroid parathyroid pancreas adrenal overies |
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What is the primary function of the thyroid?
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controls the bodies motabolism, makes proteins and affects how sensitive the body is to other hormones
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What does the parathyroid do?
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regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels so the nervous and muscular system work properly
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What does the pancreas do?
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produces enzymes that digest carbs, proteins and fats-the islet of Langerhans cells here control insulin and glucagon production
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What do the adrenal glands do?
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control metobolic processes
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What does the pituitary do?
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most complex organ of the endocrine system
it affects almost every physiologic function including growth, blood pressure and water balance (osmolarity regulation) |
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What is the technical term for water balance in the body?
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osmolarity regulation
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What is another name for the digestive system and what is its role?
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gastrointestinal system-
break down food into a soluble form for the body to absorb |
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What are the 5 basic activities of the digestive system?
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1. ingestion (eating)
2. peristalsis (moving the good through the digestive tract 3. digestion (breakdown of food-mechanical & chemical) 4. absorption ( of food into the circulatory system) 5. defecation (elimination) |
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What is the role of the excretory system?
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purify the body by eliminating waste matter
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What 5 organs play a crucial role in the excretory system?
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kidneys
liver skin large intestine lungs |
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system? What are the 2 primary parts?
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enables breathing and exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen- Its primary parts are the....
lungs and air passages |
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Define a breathing cycle.
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inhalation-oxygen enteres the blood stream
exhalation-expell carbon dioxide |
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What is the integumentary system?
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Skin and its excessory organs...
oil and sweat glands sensory receptors hair and nails |
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What role do sex hormones play with respect to esthetics?
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sex hormones influence acne, facial hair color and growth, melasma (changes in pigmentation)
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