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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
why study skin analysis?
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1. before performing services or selecting products, an individual's skin type and conditions must be analyzed correctly to determine the appropriate treatments and products. ie, a good marketing tool. 2. skin analysis and consultation are important to determine the cause of skin conditions and any contraindications. 3. knowledge of healthy habits and " enemies" of the skin will give you a better understanding of how to help clients. People want to know what their skin conditions are and what they can do to improve its appearance.
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skin types
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people are born with their skin type, which is determined by their genetics and ethnicity. like everything else, skin can change over time.
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dry skin
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alipidic skin, lacks oil also called lipids. the follicles are usually small and the sebum is minimal. skin texture can be slightly rough and feel tight.
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concerns of dry skin
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it is more sensitive because the acid mantle and barrier function are not healthy due to the lack of lipids.
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care of dry skin
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stimulating oil production and protecting the surface is imperative. occlusive products are thick and lay on top of the skin to reduce, transepidermal water loss, also known as TEWL. these products help hold on moisture and protect the skin's top barrier layer, which combats dryness.
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dehydrated skin
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it is a skin condition, not type, that lacks water. all skin types can be dehydrated. it can look thin or flaky and can feel tight and dry; sometimes it is described as creepy or papery. it tends to absorb products quickly.
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causes of dehydrated skin
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can be caused by internal and external factors such as medication, coffee, alcohol, sun, over exfoliation, and harsh products.
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Treatment for dehydrated skin
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drinking plenty of water, hydrating the skin with moisturizers and humectants can help minimize the negative effects of dryness and dehydration.
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normal skin
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It has a good oil - water balance. it can fluctuate and sometimes be a little dry or a little oily. follicles are not usually visible towards the cheeks or outside of the face.
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treatment for normal skin
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maintenance and preventive care
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What is a t - zone
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through the middle of the face - on the forehead, nose, and chin is oilier. this area has more sebaceous glands and larger pores.
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combination skin
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It can be both oily and dry or both oily and normal. the t - zone is oilier. the outer areas of the face can either be dry or normal and can even be dehydrated or have a build up of dead skin cells.
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treatment concerns for combination skin
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needs to be balanced and requires more care than normal skin.
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oily skin
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lipidic skin, characterized by excess sebum production. the follicles size is visible or larger over most of the face. this type of skin requires more cleansing and exfoliation.
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proper treatment of oily skin
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exfoliation, and a water-based hydrator will help keep oily skin clean and balanced.
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no matter what the skin type
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all skin types need poper cleansing, exfoliating, and hydrating. the goal is to balance the barrier function.
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sensitive skin
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though it is a condition, it is also genetically predispose. it's characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness. it is easily irritated by products and by exposure to heat or sun. telangiectasia, or couperose skin are noticeable on sensitive skin. rosacea and vascular conditions are more common. sometimes these conditions may be a protective visible reaction to let us know something is irritating our skin.
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telangiectasia
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also called couperose skin. characterized by redness, distended capillaries from weakening of the capillary walls;
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rosacea
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a vascular disorder; chronic redness. Papules and pustules may be present. more common with the skin condition- sensitive skin. but not contained to a certain skin type.
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considerations in treating sensitive skin.
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it can be difficult to treat because of its low tolerance to products and simulation. it needs to be treated gently with non irritating, calming products. avoid excessive rubbing, heat, and exfoliation
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what is the Fitzpatrick scale
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it is used to measure the skin's ability to tolerate sun exposure.
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what causes skin conditions
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they may be caused by both internal and external factors. and they are unique to each individual.
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1.what is the most common Fitzpatrick skin type? 2.describe it. 3.tell reaction to UV sin exposure and laser treatment damage risk.
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1. type 3. 2. fair; eye and hair color vary. 3. sometimes burns, gradually tans, risk of hyper/ hypopigmentation. moderate risk of skin cancer and vascular damage.
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1. what is the glogau scale? 2. describe type 3
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1. evaluates photo damage (sun) based on wrinkling categorized by age. 2. type 3 shows wrinkles at rest, advanced photo aging, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, keratosis, age 40 to 50.
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1. what is rubin's classification? 2. describe level 1. 3. tell beneficial treatments for level 1.
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1.rubin's classification of photodamage uses levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage. 2. level 1 includes superficial pigmentation and changes to the epidermis. 3. superficial chemical exfoliation and. antioxidants are beneficial at this level.
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How does darker skin differ from lighter Caucasian skin?
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It contains more melanin.
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tell how Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American skin types differ.
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They all have different amounts of melanin. The number of melanocytes is the same, but the melanin transferred to keratinocytes by the melanocytes is greater in darker skin
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Melanocytes
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Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
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Melanin
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Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into the cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis
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keratinocytes
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Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
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What kind of pigmentation problems occur in darker skin
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Hyperpigmentation is a greater problem for darker skin types. Other pigmentation disorders also include hypopigmentation such as vitiligo. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation can result from hormones, trauma, extractions, sun damage, or exfoliation.
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describe Hyperkeratosis and what skin is most susceptible? what can be done to help counter this condition?
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it is excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell buildup. Black skin is more prone to hyperkeratosis, so it needs more exfoliation and deep pore cleaning.
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keloids
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Abnormal hypertrophic scarring or keloids it's also a problem for black skin.
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Why does black skin not age as quickly?
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Because it is thicker and has more melanin for additional sun protection. However, dark skin still needs protection from sun damage.
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Which type of ethnic skin is considered the most sensitive?
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Asian skin
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Describe Asian skin
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It has great elasticity and firmness, and does not show signs of aging as quickly as Caucasian skin does. Asian skin can become hyper pigmented from treatment or exfoliating agents such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Gentler exfoliating products such as enzymes are recommended. Sun protection is necessary down hyperpigmentation.
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Does lightening treatments solve the problem of hyperpigmentation? explain
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Using whitening treatments for age spots can actually make things worse. If exfoliated areas produce melanin in an uneven pattern, lightning treatment can lead to splotchiness. Avoiding sun exposure and using Sun Protection daily is a must for anyone prone to hyperpigmentation.
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difference between skin type and skin condition
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skin type is genetic. many internal and external factors affect the conditions of a person's skin. they are not just a result of genetic makeup.
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what is the focus of skin treatments
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skin conditions is what esthetician is most concerned about.
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what are some of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today?
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adult acne, actinic aging (from sun damage), and problems from hormonal fluctuations. dehydration, pigmentation disorders, and rosacea are also significant concerns. other include comedones, hyperkeratinization, redness, sensitivities, and of course aging.
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what ways can we improve skin conditions
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routine facials, using specialized products, and avoiding factors that affect the condition.
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describe actinic keratosis
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a rough area resulting from sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. can be precancerous.
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describe asphyxiated skin
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smokers have asphyxiated skin from lack of oxygen. characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles; dull and lifeless looking. can be yellowish or grey in color.
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describe comedones
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open comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil, and dead skin in the follicles. Closed comedones are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted.
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describe couperose skin
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also called telangiectasia. redness; distended capillaries from weakening of the walls; internal or external causes.
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describe dehydrated skin
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look thin or flaky and can feel tight and dry. sometimes described as crepey or papery like crepe paper.
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describe erythema
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redness caused by inflammation
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describe hyperpigmentation
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brown or dark pigmentation; discoloration from melanin production due to sun or other factors.
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pustules
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am infected papule with fluid inside
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seborrhea
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oiliness of the skin.
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solar comedones
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large blackheads, usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure.
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name some internal and external factors that conditions can be caused by
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allergies/reactions, genetics/ethnicity, medical conditions, and many other internal or external factors.
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our bodies intrinsic health affects
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how we feel, as well as how our body and skin looks.
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What is the main extrinsic cause of aging
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sun damage. approximately 80 percent of premature aging is caused by the sun.
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besides the sun, what are some other extrinsic factors that affect the skin's health
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environmental exposure, pollutants, air quality, and humidity.
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vitamin deficiency is an example of
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an internal or intrinsic effect on the skin.
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sunlight is
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energy
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UVA, UVB, UVC
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UVA has the longest wavelength, reaching into the dermis. It has a lower frequency, thus less energy. UVB has shorter wavelengths than UVA. it has a higher frequency than UVA, thus more energy. UVC has the shortest wavelengths and are more energetic, bit is absorbed by the ozone.
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What is the names of the wavelengths that are absorbed, scattered and reflected by the skin
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UVA and UVB
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Minimal erythermal dose
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also called MED. it is the term used to describe how long it takes to become red (erythema) from sun exposure. the dosage is the intensity of the sun multiplied by the time exposed: Dosage = Intensity * Time
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name some common contraindications
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contagious diseases, skin disorders, medical conditions, medications, and skin irritation can all contraindicate, or prohibit a service.
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if you suspect a contagious disease, what should you do
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legally you are not allowed to ask clients about contagious diseases. but look for clues or disclosure on client questionnaire.
and you can ask general questions relating about the skin conditions and the clients personal health. |
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recognizing disease is vital to
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avoid causing harm to clients or to you
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medication or topical peeling agents can make the skin too sensitive for
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facials or waxing.
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seizures or epilepsy are contraindications for
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all electrical and light treatments
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What is in a client's chart
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or is a record of all your notes from the skin analysis, what you used in the treatment, and your home care recommendations.
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what is a client release form
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a document that a client reads and signs, releasing you from liability before you preform the service.
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What is the best tool for analysing skin
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magnifying lamp/light.
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skin analysis checklist
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1. skin type. 2. conditions present. note comedones, capillaries, pigmentation, sun damage, and other conditions 3. appearance. is the skin dry, clear, oily, irritated? and anything else you notice. 4. texture. rough, smooth, dehydrated, firm.
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should you ever perform a skin analysis in the waiting room
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it won't be as accurate, but it will still be helpful. it can be beneficial in selling products or treatments.
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causes of dehydrated skin
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lack of water, environment, medications, topical agents, aging, drinking dehydrating drinks such as caffeine and alcohol.
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