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114 Cards in this Set
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fifths disease |
Erythema infectiosum, slap-cheek. Caused by Human Papovirus B19. Presents with red rash on cheek, arms trunk, and legs. Fetus in danger of hydrops fetalis (accumulation of fluid on the fetal spaces, fetal anemia) can lead to congenital heart failure, miscarriage, and stillbirth. Infected infants will need transfusion |
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iron-deficiency anemia |
fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, headache, general malaise, pica, hx of heavy periods and anemia. Hgb below 10 for >28 wks and below 12 for non-pregnant |
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RhoGAM |
Indicated in the case if amniocen or CVS, if the mom has D-antibodies, transplacental hemorrhage (miscarriage, induced abortion, menstrual extraction, ectopic preg, blood trans), or titers above 1:16. |
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Alcohol Complications |
spontaneous abortion, FAS, cardiac septal defects, abnormal oral cavities |
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Nicotine Complications |
vasoconstrictor, elevates BP, HR, epi/norepi, cO2, spontaneous abort, abnormal placental implantation, and preeclampsia, low birth weight, preterm delivery, apnea, SIDS |
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Cocaine |
spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, abruptio plancenta, rapid labor, low birth weight, congenital malformations
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opioids |
fetal growth restrictions, abruptio placentae, fetal death, preterm labor, mec |
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UTIs |
Asympomatic - associated with women with a hx of utis, diabetes, and sickle cell |
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Neonatal signs of GBS |
grunting, irritable crying, nasal flaring, no interest in eating, lethargy, cyanosis, high respirations, low temp, meningitis, irregular heart rate, pallor with cold skin |
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Abruptio placenta |
risks: hypertension, >35, <20, high parity, short umbilical cord. signs: bleeding, colicky contx, ab pain, change in uterine size, localized pain. complications: DIC, renal failure, pituitary necrosis, shock, pph, iugr, fetal death or asphyxia |
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Ectopic |
risks: PID, fallopian tube damage, smoking, hormonal contraception (esp progesterone). signs: early preg symptoms, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, pelvic tenderness, referred pain in shoulder, tender pelvic exam |
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HELLP |
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets. full is all three symptoms. partial is just one or two symptoms. present in >25, multiparous women with previous hx of pre, eclamp, hellp. presents as general malaise, upper abdom pain (liver), hemolysis: abno peripheral smear. complications include abruptio placenta, DIC, eclampsia, renal failure, Adult RDS, pulmonary edema. neonatal complications: RDS, thrombocytopenia, premature birth, SGA, IUGR, asphyxia |
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IUGR |
symmetrical - growth is proportional, can be caused by congenital defects Asymmetrical - abdomen measures smaller than the head, can be caused by malnutrition FH discrepency of more than 3 cm |
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IUGR risk factors |
PIH, pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, alcohol, drugs, smoking, renal disease, collagen disorders, anemia, radiation exposure |
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Placenta previa |
type 1 - marginal type 2 - within 2 cm type 3 - partially covering cervix type 4 - completely covering cervix |
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VEAL CHOP |
Variable Cord compression (reposition client) Early Head compression (normal) Accelerations Ok Late Problems (placental insufficiency, give O2 and transfer) |
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Fundal height with gestation |
should start matching up +/- 2cm at 24 wks |
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uterine rupture |
change in fht; drop in bp; hardened abdomen; restlessness, anxiousness; sudden stop in contx; sharp tearing feeling.
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BV |
NOT an STI. due to changes in Vag flora.odor pronounced after sex. burning/irritation. fishy odor with KOH. have Clue cells, odor, thin/white discharge, pH>4.5. Treat with antibiotics |
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CHLAMYDIA |
most prominent STI. primarily asymptomatic. mucopurulent discharge, pelvic pain, PID. caused by c. trachomatis. treat with azithro or doxycy (contra prego) or erythro. often found coexisting with trich and gonorrhea |
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GONORRHEA |
caused by n. gonorrhoeae. lower genital tract. can cause yellow,purulent discharge. can be asymptomatic, PID, treat with ceftriaxone and azithro or doxycy |
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Hep B |
HBV. many new cases are asymptomatic. non-hepatic symptoms proceed jaundice. test for HBsAG and anti-HBc |
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Herpes simplex virus |
HSV. mouth(hsv1) and genital warts(hsv2). 2/3 asymptomatic. vesicles that ulcerate and crust over. suppression therapy with acyclovir. |
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Human Papillomavirus |
HPV. cause of cervical cancer and mouth sores. condyloma accuminata - warty growths |
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syphilis |
caused by treponema pallidum. 4 stages. danger of passing it to fetus. s/s chancres in vaginal area. papular rash in palms and soles. condylomata lata (warts) on vulva/perineum. lesions on mucosa. treat with penicillin G. |
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Trichomoniasis |
caused by trichomonas vaginalis, a spirochete (flagella). can be asymptomatic. rancid discharge, green/yellow, frothy. Strawberry cervix. treat with antibiotics. (metronidazole) |
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vulvovaginitis candidiasis |
VVC. fungal. caused by c. albicans and others. accounts for most vaginal infections (40%). intense itching, dysuria, dyspareunia, thick curdy discharge. treat with azole drugs |
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Alpha-fetoprotein screening |
MsAFP - checks for neural tube defects, also 20% of down syndrome |
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triple screen |
AFP, hCG and unconjugated estrogen levels, detects neural tube defects and down syndrome |
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Amniocentisis |
if triple screen is positive. amniotic fluid sample. 14-16 wks |
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chorionic villus sampling |
CVS. performed at 10-12 wks. sample the placenta. high risk for miscarriage |
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embryonic period |
1-7wks |
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fetal period. |
embryonic period till birth |
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fertilization process |
sperm and ovum>fertilization>zygote>cleavage>morula>blastocyst>implantation> |
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6th week |
heart beat heard, arms, legs, ears, facial and neck structures |
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7th week |
brain and eyes |
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8th week |
nose, mouth and palate, heart is completely formed |
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9th week |
neck, urogenital development |
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12th week |
swallow, resps, urinate, open and shut mouth |
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Increased progesterone |
can cause constipation |
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Postdate |
A pregnancy that has reached 42 weeks of amenorrhea |
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screening for preeclampsia |
rapid weight gain, generalized edema, maternal facial and periorbital edema |
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teratogen affecting the heart |
at 3-8 weeks |
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HSV |
acyclovir does not eliminate latent HSV and is not a cure. |
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hCH is produced by what |
the trophoblast |
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Rubella vaccine |
a woman should wait at least 3 months after getting it to get pregnant |
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Gestational age |
fundus is midway between the pubis and umbilicus: 16 weeks |
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HIV client |
you wouldn't have the right PPV |
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normal changes in the renal system |
increase glucose in the urine |
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Ecoli strain of 50,000 |
indicative of a UTI, get on antibiotics, and repeat culture in two weeks |
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Tetanus |
Tetanus booster is not shown to be teratogenic |
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Asymtomatic UTI |
sickle cell disease is connected to Asymtomatic UTIs |
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fifths disease |
less than 50% of exposed preg women are at risk of infection |
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polyhydramnios |
is related to neural tube defects |
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postdate worries |
Macrosomnia, placental insufficiency, mec aspiration syndrome (MAS) |
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late decels |
placental insufficiency |
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movements the baby makes for birth |
Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation |
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mastitis, besides antibiotics |
relief of symptoms: warm compresses, pain relief |
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Sheehan syndrome |
would first expect to see long-term complications in the 1st week, and would have late onset of lactation needing counseling and possibly short-term supplementation until her milk came in. |
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if a client presents with signs of preeclampsia |
consult with a physician immediately |
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Preterm labor diagnostics and therapeutic modalities |
have not reduced the number of preterm births, and it is still the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity |
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asymmetrical IUGR |
caused by malnutrition--preeclampsia |
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TORCH |
toxoplasmosis, other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus |
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Calcium |
broccoli, brussel sprouts, kale, turnips, collard greens, and mustard greens, and legumes. soy based. |
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Genetic screening |
French canadians and ashkenazi jews: tay-sach; african american: sickle cell; mediterranean: thallasemia A and B |
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vaginal yeast infection |
chamomile sitz baths with tea tree oil |
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couvade |
when the partner has unintentional development of physical symptoms of the pregnant woman |
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elevated estrogen levels may cause |
edema of the nasal mucosa: nasal stuffiness, discharge and obstruction |
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Hegar's sign |
softening of the isthmus |
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chadwicks sign |
bluish tinge of the cervix |
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uterine size |
8 weeks size of a tennis ball 10 weeks size of an orange 12 weeks size of a grapefruit and 16 weeks 3-4 FB/U 18 weeks 1-2 FB/U 20 weeks at umbilicus |
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enhance iron absorption by |
eating vit c rich foods |
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PID risks |
ectopic pregnancy |
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Essential current med history |
diabetes, hypertension, thyroid, CVD, renal problems |
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homan's sign |
checks for blood clots during a physical exam. you pull a woman's foot upward for clots located in the calf veins. will be painful with a positive sign. |
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IUD risks |
can cause heavy menstrual periods (anemia) and uterine scarring (problems with implantation and premature separation) |
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Android pelvis |
flat sacrum, anterior/posterior diameter is compressed. baby will be slow to engage |
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anthropoid pelvis |
posterior presentation |
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RPR/VDRL |
rapid plasma regain/venereal disease research laboratory test for syphylis |
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friability of the cervix |
can mean cervicitis, but can also be normal in early pregnancy |
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pyrosis |
heartburn |
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Probable signs of preg |
hCG in urine |
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presumptive signs of preg |
breast tenderness, morning sickness |
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positive signs of preg |
fetal heart sounds |
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where does fertilization occur? |
in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, the outer third. |
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platypelloid pelvis |
only 3-5% of women have it |
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vaginal yeast infections are more common in pregnancy because |
of the change in hormones and a decrease in vaginal secretions |
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soft cheese/unpasteurized dairy products/pate |
listeria monocytogenes can cause septicemia in fetus |
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back aches are caused by |
increased weight gain, altered posture, increase progesterone and relaxin |
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preterm labor definition |
labor that starts after 20 wks and before 37 completed wks |
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Fetal o2 can be decreased by |
hypertension (reduced blood flow) severe anemia (reduced o2 in blood) umbilical cord compression |
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telangiectatic nevi |
stork bites, capillary nevi |
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caput |
crosses suture lines. cephalhematoma does not |
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uterine involution |
will be slightly above the umbilicus at 12 hours by 24 hours it will be at or slightly below the umbilicus |
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oxytocin is released by? |
the posterior pituitary |
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monilial infection |
is a yeast infection |
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mastitis |
diagnosed with a fever of 103 with sudden onset, red tender spot on one breast, flu-like symptoms |
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passage through the pelvis |
the baby first enters the inlet, rotates to the ant/pos diameter, moves past the ischial spines and through the outlet |
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excessive blood loss can be caused by; |
retained placental fragments, vaginal or vulvar hematomas, unrepaired lacerations of the vagina or cervix |
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first thing you do in a prolapsed cord |
flip mom to knee chest, so the hips are higher than the head, and placing a hand in the vagina and pushing the presenting part back up to reduce pressure on the cord and transferring |
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engorgement can be helped with |
sage tea, it helps reduce milk production |
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insufficient milk production can be helped with |
chaste berry tincture |
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lavender compressions can be used for |
mastitis |
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marigold cream can be used for |
sore cracked nipples |
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first thing you do for floppy baby with little color |
wrap in a warm blanket |
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placental abruption |
fetal heart rate patter that is abnormal, increased uterine tonicity localized in a certain region or diffused over the uterus, failure for the uterus to relax between contractions, abdominal tenderness. bleeding may or may not be present |
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reduce a cervical lip |
have mom change positions actively push the cervical lip over the baby's head while mom pushes gently massage cervical lip |
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signs of a uterine rupture |
contractions stop, fullness near the diaphragm, lack of vertex against cervix |
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what is a nevus flammeus? |
port-wine stain |
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what is a nevus vasculosus? |
a strawberry mark |
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after pains can be helped with |
red raspberry leaf tea with grated ginger |
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postpartum depression can be aided with |
lemon balm and vervain teas, st john's wort |
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good for perineal lacerations |
marigold |
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en face |
face-to-face and eye-to-eye contact |
