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449 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Define the word Anatomy?
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Structure of the human body.
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Stru
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Define the word Physiology?
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Function of the human body.
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Func
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How many bones are in the human body?
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206
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2--
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Approximately how many muscles are named and recognized
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640
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6--
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How many systems comprise the human body?
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10
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1-
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Name the systems that comprise the human body.
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Integumentary, Skeletal, Circulatory, Respiratory, Endocrine, Excretory, Nervous, Muscular, Reproductive, Digestive
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I SCREEN MR D
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How many vertebrae are in the spinal column of a child? Adult?
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Child=33 Adult=26
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How many sections are in the vertebral column?
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5
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Name the sections in the vertebral column
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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx
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5
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Name the number of vertebrae in each section of a child's spinal column.
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7-Cervical, 12-Thoracic, 5-Lumbar, 5-Sacral, 4-Coccyx
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How many types of muscle comprise the human body?
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Three types
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Name the types of muscle that comprise the human body.
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Voluntary, Involuntary, and Cardiac
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What is the largest muscle in the human body?
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Gluteus Maximus
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butt
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What is the longest muscle in the human body?
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Sartorius
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tailors muscle
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What is the meaning of the word insertion as it applies to muscles?
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Point of most moveable attachment
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What is the meaning of the word origin as it applies to muscles?
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Point of most fixed attachment
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What is a tendon?
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Strong Band of connective tissue that ends at the end of a muscle mass in most cases
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What is a ligament?
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Strong band of connective tissue that wraps around joints in most cases
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What does a tendon do primarily?
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Attaches muscle to muscle or muscle to bone in most cases
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What does a ligament do primarily?
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Attaches bone to bone in most cases.
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What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?
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Femur
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What are the three main divisions of the human body?
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Head, Trunk and extremities
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Name the types of bones in the human body?
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Long, Short, Flat, and irregular
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What are the purposes of the skeletal system?
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Protection, support, movement, mineral reservoir, and hemopoiesis
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Give a short description of the human heart.
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Size of a man's fist, pear-shaped, 2/3 on left side of thoracic cavity, 1/3 on the right side of thoracic cavity, pumps blood throughout the body.
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In what direction is massage applied?
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toward the heart
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Why is it applied in this direction?
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for the purpose of moving fluids, primarily blood towards the heart.
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Define Effleurage.
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Long, smooth strokes toward the heart for the purpose of stimulating circulation and softening tissue.
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Define Petrissage.
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Deeper, usually circular strokes, for the purpose of stimulating circulation and softening tissue.
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Name the strokes under the heading of petrissage.
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Kneading, rolling, wringing, fulling, and friction
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Define Tapotment.
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Rhythmic, blow-like contacts to the body of the client for the purpose of stimulating circulation and softening tissue.
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Name the strokes under the heading of tapotment.
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Hacking, cupping, percussion, tapping, and vibration.
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Define and describe Nerve Strokes.
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Long, smooth, barely touching strokes away from the heart
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What is the purpose of Nerve Strokes.
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to relax the client and remove excess electrical energy.
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What does atrophied mean?
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Wasted away.
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What is the largest nerve in the human body?
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Sciatic nerve
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Define the appendicular skeleton.
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126 bones, forming the appendages on the skeleton, arms, legs, hip and shoulder girdles.
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Define the axial skeleton.
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80 bones, forming the upright axis of the body, including 6 tiny ear bones.
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How many pair of ribs are in the human body?
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12 pair
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How many pair of ribs are called "floating ribs"?
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2 pair
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Why are the "floating ribs" called "floating ribs"?
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Because they do not attach to the sternum.
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What is the tip of the sternum called?
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The Xiphoid process, or ensiform
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Name the other two parts of the sternum.
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Manubrium, and gladiolus(body)
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Give the definition of a cell.
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Smallest unit capable of maintaining life and reproducing
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What is the shaft of a bone called?
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Diaphysis
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What is the end of a bone called?
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Epiphysis
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What is the iliotibial tract and where is it located?
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A band of connective tissue that runs from the ilium to the tibia on the lateral thigh
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Name the meninges and define their names.
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Dura-mater = tough mother
Pia-mater = soft mother Arachnoid = web-like |
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What is a neuron?
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Nerve cell
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What is a synapse?
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Point of potential contact between adjacent neurons.
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What is the peristalsis and where do you find it in the human body?
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Wavelike movement in the hollow tubes in the body to move food and waste.
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Trace a drop of blood through the body beginnning and ending at the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava.
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S&I Vena Cava, Right Atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary, artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, S&I Vena Cava
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Define hyperthermia
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Fever
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Define hypothermia.
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sub-normal temperature
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Define apnea
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temporary cessation of breathing
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Define dyspnea
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difficult breathing
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Define eupnea
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normal respirations
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Define hypoxia
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Insufficient oxygen at the cellular level
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Trace a route of food from the mouth to the anus.
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mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric valve, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, Ascending colon, Hepatic flexure, Transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus.
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Describe the hyoid bone and give its location and function.
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Horse-shoe shaped bone in the throat at the base of the tongue, anchors the tongue.
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What is the fluid called that lubricates the joints?
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Synovial fluid
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What is periosteum?
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Investing membrane on a long bone.
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What does ossificaton mean?
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bone formation.
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What is a fontanel?
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Soft spot on the infants skull.
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Who is considered the, "father of swedish massage"?
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Per Henrich Ling, or Peter Ling
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Which dicection do yo umasage when massaging the colong?
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Clockwise
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Why do you massage clockwise when you massage the colon?
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to move contents in the prober direction.
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What are the small hair-like prjections in the small intestine called?
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Intestinal villi
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What do intestinal villi do?
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absorb nutrients from food for use by the body.
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What is the principal muscle of respiration?
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Diaphragm
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What is the largest artery in the human body?
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Aorta
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What is the alimentary canal?
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Food tube from the mouth to the anus.
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What is a bone suture?
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It is considered an immovable joint in the skull between bony plates of the skull.
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What massage stroke is applied at the beginning and the end of each body part?
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Effluerage
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Why is Effluerage applied at the beginning and the end of each body part?
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to move fluids that the other strokes have stimulated, to the surface.
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What do afferent nerves do?
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Carry messages from the body to the brain
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What do efferent nerves do?
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Carry messages from the brain to the body
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Name the threee parts that make up the pelvis.
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Ilium, ischium, and pubis
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What is adipose tissue?
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Fat
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What is an erythrocyte and what does it do?
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red blood cell, carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells and waste away.
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What is a leukocyte and what does it do?
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white blood cell, fights fights infection.
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What is a platelet and what does it do?
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Element in blood that aids in clotting.
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How much blood is in the average human body?
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12 pints, or 6 liters
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Name the five organs of elimination and give an example of the waste eliminated in each.
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kidney=urine, intestine=feces, lungs=carbon monoxide, liver=bile, skin=sweat
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kills
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Name the three abnormal curvatures of the spine and describe.
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Kyphosis=hunchback, Lordosis=swayback
scoliosis= lateral curvature of the spine |
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What is the pyloric valve, where is it located and what does it do?
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Valve in the bottom o the stomach that allows passage of food into the duodenum.
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Where in the spinal column does the spinal cord end?
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between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
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What is the name of the opening in the skull through which the spinal cord passes?
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foramen magnum
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What is the lower jawbone called?
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Mandible
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What is the upper jawbone called?
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Maxilla
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What is hemopoieses
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blood cell formation
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What is homeostasis?
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State of body equilibrium, or internal balance
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What is cancellous bone?
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Spongy, inner bone
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What is compact bone?
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Hard, dense outer bone
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What is the acetabulum?
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hip socket
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What is the Os Coxae?
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Hipbone
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What is the patella?
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Kneecap
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Why is the patella unique?
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Larges sesamoid bone in the body and acts as a doorstop for the knee joint
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What does abduction mean?
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move away from the body
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What does adduction mean?
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move toward the body
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What does flexion mean?
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Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
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What does extension mean?
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Straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint
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What does retraction meant?
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move backward
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What does protraction mean?
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move forward
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What does circumduction mean?
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Move so the distal end of the part describes a circle, while the rest of the part describes a cone.
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What is hemopoieses
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blood cell formation
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What is homeostasis?
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State of body equilibrium, or internal balance
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What is cancellous bone?
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Spongy, inner bone
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What is compact bone?
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Hard, dense outer bone
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What is the acetabulum?
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hip socket
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What is the Os Coxae?
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Hipbone
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What is the patella?
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Kneecap
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Why is the patella unique?
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Larges sesamoid bone in the body and acts as a doorstop for the knee joint
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What does abduction mean?
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move away from the body
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What does adduction mean?
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move toward the body
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What does flexion mean?
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Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
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What does extension mean?
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Straightening movement that increases the angle of the joint
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What does retraction meant?
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move backward
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What does protraction mean?
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move forward
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What does circumduction mean?
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Move so the distal end of the part describes a circle, while the rest of the part describes a cone.
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What does rotation mean?
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turning on its own axis
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what does supination mean?
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Move palm or part upward or forward
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What does pronation mean?
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move palm or part downward or backward
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What does inferior mean?
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any point below any other given point
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What does superior mean?
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Any point above any other given point
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What does proximal mean?
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Toward the origin of a structure
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What does distal mean?
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Away from the origin of a structure
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What does lateral mean?
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toward the side
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What does medial mean?
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toward the midline or middle
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What does anterior mean?
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In front of or toward the front
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What does posterior mean?
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in back of or toward the back
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What is the transverse plane?
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A plane that runs through the middle, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.
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What is the coronal plane?
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A plane running through the body or any of tis parts dividing the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.
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What is the anatomical position?
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Standing erect with arms at sides palms forward
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Name the three kinds of joints according to their possible degree of movement
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Diarthroses=freely moveable, Amphiarthroses=slightly moveable, Synarthroses=immovable
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What is a bursae?
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A fibrous sac linew with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid to lubricate joint area.
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Name the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone in the body.
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Hyoid
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Name at least thre contraindications to massage.
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Blood clots, tumors, unexplained skin rashes, first three days of menstruations over abdomen, pregnancy, cancer, etc.
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As a massage therapist, name three thingsd we never do.
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Diagnose, Prescribe, claim to treat.
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Give me the official definition of Swedish Massage.
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Manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes
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What essential oil, rich in menthol, should never be applied to the neck and throat area of children under age of 30 months?
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Peppermint Oil
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What group of essential oils, if applied to the skin and exposed to direct sunlight or UV rays within 3 to 4 days of use, may cause a rash or dark skin pigmentation?
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Citrus oils
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Epileptics and those with high blood pressure should avoid these three essential oils
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hyssop, fennel, idaho tansy
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If an essential oil is causing discomfort or skin irritation or comes in contact with the eyes what can one use to dilute the essential oils or apply to the skin?
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Pure vegetable oil.
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Who was Per henrich Ling?
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Swedish fencing master that first put Swedish massage into a form to be used and taught effectively. He also named the strokes and started the first school.
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What was the date of the establishment of the first school of Swedish massage?
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1813
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Why is a lubricant used when giving Swedish Massage?
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To avoid irritating the skin of the client.
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What are the exercises called that are given with Swedish Massage?
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Remedial exercises or medical gymnastics
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What are the movements called when the client does not assist or resist?
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Passive
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What are the movements called when the client does assist or resist?
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Active
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Define hydrotherapy.
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Water therapy
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Name the three forms in which hydrotherapy is applied.
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liquid (water, solid (ice), gaseous (steam)
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What does phagocytosis mean?
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cell eating
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What does pinocytosis mean?
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cell drinking
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What is the name of the bath in which the hips and pelvic regions are immersed?
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Sitz bath
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What two things determine the physiciological effects produced by water application?
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temperature and duration
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A saline bath should be taken hotter or colder than an ordinary bath?
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colder
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Why should a saline bath be taken colder than an ordinary bath?
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Because the salt crystals retain heat and can tend to burn the client.
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Name three causes of constipation.
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Insufficient bulk, insufficient exercise, insufficient water, improper digestion
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What is a nephron?
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structural and functional unit of a kidney
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In the metabolic brfeakdown process of food carbohydrates are broken down into what?
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glucose
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What acid is produced by muscular activity?
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Lactic Acid
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What gland is known as the "master gland"?
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pituitary gland
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Why is the pituitary gland called the "master gland"?
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Because it produces hormones tha activate the other glands
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How many pari of spinal nerves are in the human body?
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31 pair
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Is it true that digestion begins in the mouth?
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yes
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Is it more nearly true that you are what you eat, or that you are what you are able to digest and assimilate?
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what you are able to digest and assimilate.
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What organ in the body produces insulin
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the isle of langerhans in the pancreas
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What is the function of the gall bladder?
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Stores bile from the liver.
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Essential oils containing a high percentage of the chemical constituant ____ has the ability to cross the blood/brain barrier.
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Sesquiterpene
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Name two essential oils that contain a high percentage of this chemical constituent
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Cedarwood, Sandalwood
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What muscle is known as the "Tailor's muscle"?
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Sartorius
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Why is the "tailor's muscle" referred to in this way?
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Because a tailor must sit in a cross legged fashion to hem a garment which requires a flexible sartorius muscle
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What should you do if a client complains of discomfort during a Swedish Massage?
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Stop! Discuss the problem and then proceed in a less offensive manner.
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What position should your clients knees be in during a swedish massage of the abdominal area?
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Flexed
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What is the system that activates the muscular function?
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Nervous System
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Name the gluteal muscle closest to the surface.
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Gluteus maximus
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Name the superior vein carrying blood back to the heart.
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Superior vena cava
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Name the inferior veing carrying blood back to the hea heart.
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Inferior vena cava
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If the following person were lying unconscious what pulse would you check first. adult? infant?
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carotid, brachial
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Name two results that can be obtained by a therapist using ice during a Swedish Massage.
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Reduced Pain and Swelling
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Name the circulatory system fat enters after absorption in the duodenum
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Lymphatic System
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What two vitamins are depleted through stress?
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B and C
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What is the "True Pelvis"?
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Sapce below the pelvic brim
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What is the "False Pelvis"?
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Space above the pelvic brim
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Name the two tubes that lead from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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Ureters
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Name the tuebe that leads from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body.
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Urethra
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Name the bone at the base of the skull.
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Occipital ridge
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Enlargements of the veins in the anal canal are called what/
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Hemmorhoids
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What is a sphincter?
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Circular muscle that closes an orifice
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Name the two sacs in the thoracic cavity, in connection with the lungs.
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Parietal and visceral pleura
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Which one lines the wall of the cavity and which one covers the lungs?
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Parietal pleura lines the walls, visceral pleura covers the lungs
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Which lung has three lobes?
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Right
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Is it true that all systems are influenced by massage?
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Yes
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Ho are all systems influenced by massage?
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By increasing circulation and elimination of toxins, toning the muscles and relaxing the body, every system is influenced.
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What are the main functions of the thyroid gland?
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Produces hormones tha stimulates growth and regulates metabolism
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Pregnant women should consult their health care professional before using essential oils containing the chemical constituents with hormone-like activity, such as ....
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Clary Sage, Sage, Idaho Tansy, Juniper, and Fennel
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What type of oil do we use for infant's massage?
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Expeller pressed or cold pressed oil
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What two things do we need to avoid in the massage oils for infants?
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No perfume, mineral oil.
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What are the main functions of the parathyroid gland?
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Promotes consistency of blood calcium levels by assisting calcium absorption
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QWhat does metabolism mean?
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Sum total of all chemical and physical changes that take place to change food into useable or storable substances by the body
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What does anabolism mean?
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Building up of body substance
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What does catabolism mean?
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Tearing down of body substance
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Which blood vessel in the body has the highest percentage of oxygen
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pulmonary vein
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The average duration of a swedish massage is how long?
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40-45 minutes
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List at least five beneficial effects of Swedish Massage.
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Tones muscles, improves circulation, increases the number of useablered blood cells, improves lymph activity, replaces exercise, helps remove toxins, improves mental-emotional outlook, helps with bone repair and strengthening, reduces swelling in joints and inflammation, provieds relaxation for the client.
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What are the two most important things to remember about Swedish Massage
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The physiological effects of the movements and the contraindications
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What is used to differentiate between the amateur and professional massage therapist?
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The knowledge of when not to massage
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When picking a massage lotion, what three things should you keep in mind?
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Consistency, aroma, and not to use mineral oil
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What are the cells called that cover the outer surface of the body?
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Epithelial cells
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|
|
|
What is a neurotransmitter and what does it do?
|
Chemical released by neurons to facilitate or block transmission of nerve impulses
|
|
|
|
What are two main divisions of the nervous system?
|
CNS (central nervous system-brain and spinal cord) PNS (peripheral nervous system-all other nerves in the body outside of the brain and spinal cord)
|
|
|
|
How much does the average brain weigh?
|
3 pounds
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of the cerebrum?
|
Perception, communication, memory, understanding, appreciation, and voluntary movements.
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of the cerevellum?
|
Equilibrium, posture, and coordinated movements
|
|
|
|
What chamber of the heart is called the pump?
|
left ventricle
|
Q
|
|
|
What muscle group is called the Hamstrings? Name them
|
Posterior thigh= biceps femoris, simtendinosus, semimembranosus
|
|
|
|
What muscle group is called the Quadriceps? Name them.
|
Anterior thigh= Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis
|
|
|
|
What is the "sagittal plane"?
|
A longitudinal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.
|
|
|
|
What is the "mid-sagittal plane"?
|
A longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left portions through the midline or median line
|
|
|
|
On what parts of the body would you use "filling"?
|
The large parts, torso and thigh.
|
|
|
|
ON what parts of the body would you use "vibration"?
|
Around the colon and on either side of the vertebral column
|
|
|
|
In the metabolic breakdown process of food, protien is broken down into what?
|
Amino acids
|
|
|
|
In the metabolic breakdown process of food, fat is broken down into what?
|
fatty acids
|
|
|
|
What are the arrector pili muscles?
|
Tiny muscles that raise the hairs on the boyd and produce what we call "goose bumps"
|
|
|
|
Define "bolus".
|
A rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing
|
|
|
|
What is fibrinogen?
|
A blood protein that is converted to fiber during blood clotting.
|
|
|
|
Explain the "rule of nines"
|
A way of estimating the percentage of body surface burned by allotting numbers to each possible area.
|
|
|
|
What are the glands in the skin that help maintain proper body temperature?
|
Eccrine glands
|
|
|
|
What are adenoids?
|
Lymph glands that protect the body from pathogens at the back of the nose.
|
|
|
|
What are sudorific glands?
|
Sweat glands
|
|
|
|
What are sebaceous glands?
|
Oil glands
|
|
|
|
How many pair of crainal nerves are there?
|
12 pair
|
|
|
|
List the cranial nerves in proper order and give their functions.
|
Olfactory=smell, Optic=sight, Oculomotor=eye movement, Trochlear=eye movement, Trigeminal=chewing, Abducens= abducts eye, Facial= facial expressions, vestibulocochlear (Acoustics)= hearing and balance, Glossopharyngeal=swallowing, Vagus=Organ movement, Spinal Accessory=shoulder movements, Hypoglossal=swallowing
|
|
|
|
Why is it important to cover each part of the body after you have massaged that part?
|
To prevent chilling and maintain modesty
|
|
|
|
What minerals are specific for proper muscle strenght and tone?
|
Calcium, magnesium, manganese, and potassium
|
|
|
|
What vitamins seem to be most supportive of the heart muscle
|
Vitamin E, B-15 and Coenzyme Q-10
|
|
|
|
What is the function of a mitochondria?
|
Power plant in a cell
|
|
|
|
What is an aponeurosis?
|
Membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves
|
|
|
|
What is the sac of membrane called that encloses the heart?
|
Pericardium
|
|
|
|
What is the sac of membrane called that encloses the heart?
|
Pericardium
|
|
|
|
Name the three sections that make up the small intestine.
|
Duodenum, jejenum, ileum
|
|
|
|
Name the five principal strokes of Swedish Massage.
|
effleurage, petrissage, tapotment, vibration, and nerve strokes
|
|
|
|
What is meant by the term "oxygen debt"?
|
The amount of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed.
|
|
|
|
What is a thrombus?
|
Blood clot
|
|
|
|
What is an ulcer?
|
Lesion or erosion of the mucous membrane
|
|
|
|
What does the term "masso" mean?
|
I knead
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the artery that allows you te feel a pulse at the wrist?
|
radial artery
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the body organ that stores blood and releases it in case of emergency?
|
Spleen
|
|
|
|
What is the type of anemia that is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B-12
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the system that is made up of skin, hair, and nails?
|
Integumentary System
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located in the blood vessels?
|
Plasma
|
|
|
|
What connects the middle ear to the throat?
|
Eustachian tube
|
|
|
|
What are the three primary functions of the muscular system?
|
Movement, posture, heat production
|
|
|
|
What is referred to as the "building blocks" of protien molecules?
|
Amino acids
|
|
|
|
The S-shaped portion of the colon is called what?
|
Sigmoid colon
|
|
|
|
Name the three kinds of processing that food must undergo in the body?
|
Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism
|
|
|
|
What does the enzyme amylase do?
|
Digest starch
|
|
|
|
What is a bowman's capsule?
|
End of the renal tubule, also called glomerular capsule
|
|
|
|
What is an electrolyte?
|
Chemical substances in water that are capable of conducting an electrical charge
|
|
|
|
What is a zygote?
|
Fertilized egg
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located inside the cells?
|
intracellular fluid
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located in the spaces between the cells?
|
interstitial fluid
|
|
|
|
Explain the differences between infrared rasys and ultraviolet rays?
|
Infrared rays are heating rays, ultraviolet rays cause chemical changes in the body
|
|
|
|
What is the largest organ in the humany body?
|
Skin=outside, liver=inside
|
|
|
|
What is a goiter?
|
An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to insuficient iodine
|
|
|
|
What does centripetal mean?
|
toward the center
|
|
|
|
Give the immediate effects of cold applications?
|
Constricts blood vessels, reduces pain and swelling
|
|
|
|
What is the sac of membrane called that encloses the heart?
|
Pericardium
|
|
|
|
Name the three sections that make up the small intestine.
|
Duodenum, jejenum, ileum
|
|
|
|
Name the five principal strokes of Swedish Massage.
|
effleurage, petrissage, tapotment, vibration, and nerve strokes
|
|
|
|
What is meant by the term "oxygen debt"?
|
The amount of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed.
|
|
|
|
What is a thrombus?
|
Blood clot
|
|
|
|
What is an ulcer?
|
Lesion or erosion of the mucous membrane
|
|
|
|
What does the term "masso" mean?
|
I knead
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the artery that allows you te feel a pulse at the wrist?
|
radial artery
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the body organ that stores blood and releases it in case of emergency?
|
Spleen
|
|
|
|
What is the type of anemia that is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B-12
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the system that is made up of skin, hair, and nails?
|
Integumentary System
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located in the blood vessels?
|
Plasma
|
|
|
|
What connects the middle ear to the throat?
|
Eustachian tube
|
|
|
|
What are the three primary functions of the muscular system?
|
Movement, posture, heat production
|
|
|
|
What is referred to as the "building blocks" of protien molecules?
|
Amino acids
|
|
|
|
The S-shaped portion of the colon is called what?
|
Sigmoid colon
|
|
|
|
Name the three kinds of processing that food must undergo in the body?
|
Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism
|
|
|
|
What does the enzyme amylase do?
|
Digest starch
|
|
|
|
What is a bowman's capsule?
|
End of the renal tubule, also called glomerular capsule
|
|
|
|
What is an electrolyte?
|
Chemical substances in water that are capable of conducting an electrical charge
|
|
|
|
What is a zygote?
|
Fertilized egg
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located inside the cells?
|
intracellular fluid
|
|
|
|
What is the water called that is located in the spaces between the cells?
|
interstitial fluid
|
|
|
|
Explain the differences between infrared rasys and ultraviolet rays?
|
Infrared rays are heating rays, ultraviolet rays cause chemical changes in the body
|
|
|
|
What is the largest organ in the humany body?
|
Skin=outside, liver=inside
|
|
|
|
What is a goiter?
|
An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to insuficient iodine
|
|
|
|
What does centripetal mean?
|
toward the center
|
|
|
|
Give the immediate effects of cold applications?
|
Constricts blood vessels, reduces pain and swelling
|
|
|
|
Give the long term effcts of cold applications
|
improved circulation, excites cellular activity
|
|
|
|
Give the immediat effects of hot applications.
|
expands blood vessles, may cause redness to some skin types
|
|
|
|
Give the long term effects of hot applications.
|
Bood sent back to interior, Edema produced
|
|
|
|
What is pleurisy?
|
inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs.
|
|
|
|
Give a definition of a lymph node
|
small lymphatic organ that filters lymph
|
|
|
|
What are T cells?
|
Lymphocytes that have undergone their first stage of development in the thymus gland
|
|
|
|
What are memory cells?
|
B cells that act to recognize antigens they have been exposed to. Produces antibodies for defense.
|
|
|
|
When we say calcaneal what are of the body are we referring to?
|
heel
|
|
|
|
When we say plantar, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
sole
|
|
|
|
When we say lumbar, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Loin
|
|
|
|
When we say sacral, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Between hips
|
|
|
|
When we say vertebral, waht area of the body are we referring to?
|
spinal column
|
|
|
|
What is a keloid?
|
Excessive scar tissue
|
|
|
|
Define Jaundice
|
a yellowish skin discoloration that occurs when excessive amounts of bile are absorbed into the blood
|
|
|
|
What is the epiglottis?
|
A flap of cartilage that covers the opening into the larynx that closes upon swallowing to block food from entering the trachea
|
|
|
|
What are bronchi?
|
Subdivisions of the windpipe that lead to the lungs
|
|
|
|
What is the pharynx?
|
the throat
|
|
|
|
What is the trachea?
|
windpipe
|
|
|
|
Define chyme.
|
A semisolid mixture that is in the stomach after food mixes with digestive juices
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of the lymph?
|
To cleanse the body at the cellular level, promote defense and transport nutrients across the transient stretch
|
|
|
|
What is considered the percentages of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases in the air we breath?
|
79% nitrogen and other gases, 21% oxygen
|
`
|
|
|
IS this still true?
|
No, we are down to 19% oxygen and 81% nitrogen and other gases
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of the small intestine?
|
Aids in digestion, and absorbs nutrients and water from food
|
|
|
|
How long is the small intestine?
|
Approximately 20 feet
|
|
|
|
What are the main functions of the large intestine or colon?
|
Absorbs remaining liquid and eliminates waste
|
|
|
|
What is the purpose and result of alternating hot and cold applications?
|
causes a flushing effect
|
|
|
|
List for contraindications of heat treatment?
|
fever, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, hemorrhage, debilitating disease
|
|
|
|
What is systolic pressure and how is it determined?
|
it is the first sound you hear with your b/p cuff and stethoscope. It indicates pressure generated by the left ventricle during contraction.
|
|
|
|
What is diastolic pressure and how is it determined?
|
it is the last sound you hear with your b/p cuff and stethoscope, it indicates the relaxation stage.
|
|
|
|
If endocrine glands are "ductless", how do hormones reach their target organ cells?
|
through the bloodstream
|
|
|
|
What is a hormone and what does it do?
|
Chemical messengers to regulate specific body funtions
|
|
|
|
What does the word sublingual mean?
|
under the tongue
|
|
|
|
What are some of the questions a therapist asks a new client?
|
contact lenses, blood clots, tumors, pregnancy, medications, under a Dr's care, surgeries, injuries, period
|
|
|
|
What is the partition called that divides the heart into left and right sides
|
cardiac septum
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the valve that connects the small and large intestines?
|
ileocecal valve
|
|
|
|
Why do veins have valves in them?
|
to prevent backflow of blood
|
|
|
|
What are peripheral nerves?
|
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
|
What is the haversion system?
|
Structural unit of compact bone
|
|
|
|
How long is the large intestine of colon?
|
Approximately 6 feet
|
|
|
|
What is an anastomosis?
|
A union or joining of blood vessels or other tubular structures?
|
|
|
|
What is an aneurysm?
|
A weak place in the wall of a blood vessel
|
|
|
|
What is a hernia?
|
A weakened area in a muscle wall allowing abnormal protrusion of a body part
|
|
|
|
What does subcutaneous mean?
|
Under the skin
|
|
|
|
What does vasoconstriction mean?
|
narrowing of blood vessels
|
|
|
|
What does vasodilation mean?
|
Dilation of blood vessels
|
|
|
|
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
|
a nucleic acid found in all living cells carrying the hereditary information
|
|
|
|
What is ribonucleic acid?
|
Nucleic acid that acts in protien syntheses
|
|
|
|
What does encephalitis mean?
|
inflammation of the brain
|
|
|
|
What does endocarditis mean?
|
inflammation of the heart
|
|
|
|
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
|
to act as cushions for the spinal column
|
|
|
|
List three important differences between the male and female skeleton
|
Male skeleton is heavier, femal skeleton is broader, male has a deeper pelvic cavity, femal acetabulum is smaller and farther apart
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the bones you sit on
|
Ischium
|
|
|
|
What is a prime mover?
|
Muscle that has the responsibitility for a particular movement
|
|
|
|
What is a synergist?
|
Muscle that aids the action of the prime mover
|
|
|
|
What is an antagonist?
|
Muscle that reverses or opposes the action of another muscle.
|
|
|
|
What tissue is responsible for body movement
|
muscle tissue
|
|
|
|
Define tissue
|
a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
|
|
|
|
What is a symphysis?
|
A joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage
|
|
|
|
What are alpha brain waves?
|
Electrical activity of the brain that is slow, synchronous. The brain is in a state of calm, relaxed wakeful
|
|
|
|
What are beta brain waves?
|
Rhythmic, more irregular, higher frequency. Mentally alert and concentrating
|
|
|
|
What are theta brain waves?
|
Still more irregular, very slow sleep state
|
|
|
|
What are delta brain waves
|
very slow deep sleep, no dreams, like anesthesia
|
|
|
|
What is REM sleep?
|
Rapid eye movement, when dreaming occurs. Much oxygen to the brain
|
|
|
|
What is a nerve plexus?
|
A group of intertwined nerves.
|
|
|
|
What is a pressure point?
|
Where major blood vessel crosses a bone close to the body surface.
|
|
|
|
What % of communication is transmitted verbally? What % of communication is transmitted non-verbally.
|
verbal=1/3, non-verbal=2/3
|
|
|
|
Name three health conditions that can arise from chronic stress.
|
Heart disease, heart attack, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension, depression, digestive problems, muscle tension, migranes, bruxism
|
|
|
|
What is an EEG? What does it show?
|
Electroencephalogram, records brain activity
|
|
|
|
What is osteoarthritis?
|
An autoimmune disease, when the body attempts to destroy its own tissues, Chronic imflammation, stress and genetic factors seem to be involved but a virus is suspected.
|
|
|
|
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
|
Above the eye at the medial line
|
|
|
|
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?
|
Corner of the eye
|
|
|
|
Where are the sphenoid sinuses located?
|
corner of eyes,lower than ethmoid
|
|
|
|
Where are the maxillary sinuses located?
|
Cheekbone area
|
|
|
|
What are all of the sinuses called collectively?
|
Paranasal sinuses
|
|
|
|
What does osteomalacia mean?
|
soft bones
|
|
|
|
What does osteoporosis mean?
|
porous bones
|
|
|
|
What age group usually gets osteomalacia?
|
children (rickets)
|
|
|
|
What age group usually has osteoporosis
|
post menopausal women
|
|
|
|
What does hydrophilic mean?
|
Water loving
|
|
|
|
What does hydrophobic mean
|
water hating, or water fearing
|
|
|
|
When we say antebrachial, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
forearm
|
|
|
|
When we say antecubital, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
front of elbow
|
|
|
|
When we say acromial, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
point of shoulder
|
|
|
|
When we say inguinal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Groin
|
|
|
|
When we saybrachial, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
arm
|
|
|
|
When we say occipital, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
base of skull
|
|
|
|
When we say cephalic, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
head
|
|
|
|
When we say mammary, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
breast
|
|
|
|
When we say axillary, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
armpit
|
|
|
|
when we say cervical, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
neck
|
|
|
|
When we say orbital, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
eye
|
|
|
|
What is knows at the "band-aid" plant?
|
plantain
|
|
|
|
In what way is it best to take herbs?
|
Daily in foods
|
|
|
|
What is the best form to take your herbs?
|
raw, fresh, or wildcrafted
|
|
|
|
Describe two ways manufactures produce low quality oils?
|
high temperature, and adding synthetics
|
|
|
|
Essential oils are made of the sam 3 elements humans are made of. Name the 3 elements.
|
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
|
|
|
|
When we say, buccal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
cheek
|
q
|
|
|
When we say oral, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
mouth
|
|
|
|
When we say mental, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
chin
|
|
|
|
When we say dorsal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
back
|
|
|
|
When we say olecranal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
back of elbow
|
|
|
|
When we say sternal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
thumb
|
|
|
|
When we say hallux, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
great toe
|
|
|
|
When we say popliteal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
back of knee
|
|
|
|
When we say perineal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Region between anus and external genitalia
|
|
|
|
When we say pubic, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
genital region
|
|
|
|
When we say digital, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
palm
|
|
|
|
When we say abdominal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Abdomen
|
|
|
|
When we say nasal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
nose
|
|
|
|
When we say frontal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
forehead
|
|
|
|
When we say carpal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Wrist
|
|
|
|
When we say thoracic, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
Chest
|
|
|
|
When we say umbilical, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
navel
|
|
|
|
When we say coxal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
hip
|
|
|
|
When we say patellar, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
anterior knee
|
|
|
|
When we say tarsal, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
ankle
|
|
|
|
When we say crural, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
leg
|
|
|
|
When we say femoral, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
thigh
|
|
|
|
When we saysural, what area of the body are we referring to?
|
calf
|
|
|
|
In traditional Chinese medicine, what are the pathways called that carry energy through the body?
|
Meridians
|
|
|
|
What is the translation of the Japanese word, Shiatsu?
|
Finger pressure
|
|
|
|
Define the specific goals of pre-event sports massage
|
Help muscles work longer and more efficiently, increase circulation, reduce muscle tension, increase flexibility of tight muscle groups
|
|
|
|
Define the specific goals of post-event sports massage?
|
Provide, general relaxation and relief for exhaustion, relax tight muscles and muscle groups, relieve cramps, reduce recuperation time, improve circulation and removal of toxins
|
|
|
|
What is the main difference between "baby's first massage" and "infant massage"?
|
in "babys first massage" the strokes are from the head down, in "infant massage" the strokes are both ways.
|
|
|
|
Why do we ask permission of the infant before we give them a massage?
|
to show respect for the infant
|
|
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What is the main purpose of containment
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to calm the baby
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What is the physiological benefit of "baby's first massage"?
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Activates paraympathetic nervous system
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What are the two main types of massage used on infants/babies?
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"babys first massage" and "infant massage"
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What purpose does cephla-caudal stroking serve?
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calms the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Who developed "infant massage"?
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Vimala McClure (Schneider)
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What is teh basic language and building block for baby's relationship with others?
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touch
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What is the main purpose of baby and infant massage?
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bonding
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What area of the body do we not lubricate in infant massage?
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face
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What is the most potent cue of disengagemetn?
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eye aversion
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How many minutes should pass before giving a massage to a baby after bottle feeding?
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30 minutes
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How many minutes should pass before giving a massage to a baby after breast feeding?
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Can massage immediately
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When do you stop massaging a baby/infant?
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When you receive 2 potent disengagement signals in a row.
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What is one position to create balance in the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Possible answers: nesting, swaddling, place in prone, side laying position, provide trunk and extremity flexion, bring hand to mouth and face
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List three things that touch can aid in healing.
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Possible answers: pain control, back and neck pain, anxiety and depression, fractures and wounds, high blood pressure, heart and lung disease, post surgical trauma, headaches and migraines, diabetes, acute and chronic inflamation, chronic lymphedema, nausea, muscle spasm, grand mal epileptic seizures, insomnia, psychoemotional stress, cancer, arthritis, chronic fatigue
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List three false assumptions people can have about pain.
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Possible answers: this pain is terrible, I am being punished by God, I can have a normal life, I can't stop thinking about this pain, if I was a better person I would not be having this problem, I'm better off dead, this isn't fair.
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Lis three things in life that might be changed by pain.
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Possible answers: sleep, eating, fatigue, recreational activities, work activities
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Touch is important to the mother and father of a stillborn infant. If they are not allowed to touch their baby, what are three of the five things they may think or say?
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Possible answers: I did not get to touch my baby, I did not get to hold my baby, I did not get to say goodbye to my baby, I did not get to take any pictures of my baby, I did not get to rock my baby.
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During seated massage give me three key components to check to be sure the client is properly seated
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face is evenly supported by the face rest, the arms are in the flexed position on the arm rest, bottom is properly positioned on the seat rest
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What are the rules of proper hacking and cupping on the back of your client during seated massage?
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Hands must be held in vertical position, no hacking or cupping over the kidney areas, no hacking or cupping over the spinous area.
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If "aroma-therapy" during your seated massage how should it be presented?
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the client should be allowed to make the choice of what to have or to have none at all.
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If the client wantes to use aroma-therapy during their seated massage what two types of oils should the therapist have available?
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Invigorating:(peppermint, cinnamon, orange etc.)Calming:(lavender, chamomile, geranium etc.)
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If the client wants to use aroma-therapy during their seated massage, how should it be offered?
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Do not apply the oils to the body of the client, in this instance; allow them to smell the oil on a disposable item.
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What is the major reason for the popularity of "seated massage"?
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Because the client is not required to disrobe.
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What are the major values of seated massage?
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It gives timid clients an opportunity to experience massage in a non threatening environment. Allows employees, in the work place, much needed stress relief, wonderful marketing tool for therapists to broaden their work base.
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What does biceps mean in latin?
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two heads
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What are the sit muscles?
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Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
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What does latissimus and dorsi mean in latin?
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latissimus means widest, dorsi means back.
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Name the largest and deepest adductor of the hip
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adductor magnus
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