Midterm325

Front 1

two functions of integumentary system

Back 1

body protection
external support

Front 2

four functions - urinary system

Back 2

blood filtration
blood volume maintenance
blood chemical composition maintenance
removal of waste from body

Front 3

function of respiratory system

Back 3

gaseous exch: environment - blood

Front 4

nervous system - purpose

Back 4

control/regulation: body systems

Front 5

circulatory system purpose

Back 5

transport of life-sustaining materials to body cells, removal of wastes from cells.

Front 6

female reproductive system purpose

Back 6

-produce: female sex cells + female hormones.
-sperm receptacle
-ovum fertilization + implantation site
-foetus development + delivery.

Front 7

eye region

Back 7

orbital

Front 8

ear region

Back 8

auricular

Front 9

palpation

Back 9

applying fingers with firm pressure to feel landmarks, lumps, tenderspots, pulsations.

Front 10

percussion

Back 10

aids in locating excess fluids or abnormalities in organs: tapping sharply on various locations of thorax or abdomen to detect resonation.

Front 11

leg areas

Back 11

crural

Front 12

contents-r.hypochondriac

Back 12

gall bladder
portions of liver
portions of r. kidney

Front 13

contents epigastric

Back 13

pancreas
portion-liver
portion - stomach
portion - duodenum

Front 14

contents l.hypochondriac

Back 14

spleen
splenic flexure of colon
small intestine portions
portion l. kidney

Front 15

r. lateral contents

Back 15

portions right kidney
portion small intestine
portion cecum
portion ascending colon
hepatic flexure

Front 16

umbilical contents

Back 16

ileum, jejunum, duodenum, major abdominal vessels.

Front 17

left lateral contents

Back 17

descending colon,
portions small intestine,
portion left kidney

Front 18

right inguinal contents

Back 18

appendix,
portions cecum,
portion small intestine

Front 19

hypogastric contents

Back 19

urinary bladder,
portions small intestine
sigmoid colon

Front 20

left inguinal

Back 20

portions small intestine
portions sigmoid colon,
descending colon

Front 21

organs within coelum called

Back 21

visceral organs or viscera

Front 22

cavities around lungs

Back 22

pleural

Front 23

cavity around heart

Back 23

pericardial

Front 24

two types of body membranes

Back 24

serous and mucous

Front 25

mucous membranes - what, where, and why?

Back 25

secrete sticky mucous fluid.
found where cavities/tubes enter/leave body.
lubricates & protects organ where located.

Front 26

serous membrane shere, what, why?

Back 26

lines thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities
secretes watery lubricant: serous fluid.
line/cover/protect organs.
pleural membranes, pericardial membrane

Front 27

omentum

Back 27

support stomach, store fat, cushion and protect abdomenal viscera (organs)

Front 28

serous membranes that adhere to outside of organs

Back 28

visceral membranes

Front 29

serous membranes that adhere to inside of a cavity

Back 29

usually "parietal"... (not visceral.
eg: parietal pericardium, parietal pleura (lines thoracic wall, whereas visceral pleura cover the lungs themselves.)

Front 30

mesenteries

Back 30

double fold of peritoneum (abdominal serous membrane)- connect parietal to visceral.

Front 31

skeletal muscle

Back 31

striated. cylindrical fibres. voluntary. (somatic innervation). many nuclei per cell.

Front 32

cardiac muscle.

Back 32

intercalated discs (allow communication between cells.) striated. involuntary. (autonomic innervation). branched fibres, single nucleus. involuntary contraction.

Front 33

smooth muscle

Back 33

elongated, spindle-shaped fibres. single nucleus, autonomic, nonvoluntary contraction. around internal organs/vessels.

Front 34

two types of bone tissue

Back 34

cancellous (spongy) and compact (dense)

Front 35

greenstick fracture

Back 35

ends of bone don't actually separate.
usually in young people: more organic matter in bones (not as brittle)

Front 36

periosteum tissue type

Back 36

dense fibrous tissue

Front 37

what are the layers of bone called just inside the periosteum

Back 37

external circumferential lamellae

Front 38

another name for a haversian system

Back 38

osteon

Front 39

horizontal canals through bone (larger ones)

Back 39

perforating canals

Front 40

long bone functions

Back 40

levers (i.e. bones of upper and lower extremities)

Front 41

short bone functions

Back 41

transfer forces of movement - found in wrist/ankle. Somewhat cube-shaped

Front 42

another name for short bone

Back 42

cuboidal

Front 43

flat bone function

Back 43

muscle attachment or protection of organs - cranial bones, bones of os coxae.

Front 44

irregular bones function

Back 44

articulation and muscle attachment, i.e. vertebrae

Front 45

name the six fontanels

Back 45

anterior and posterior fontanels, anterolateral fontanels, anteroposterior fontanels.

Front 46

fontanel structure and function

Back 46

fibrous connective tissue membranes.
cover gaps in skull during maturation.
permit skull to undergo moulding and shape changes during parturition.
- accommodate rapid brain growth.
ossify by 24 mos.

Front 47

what are the shapes and sizes of the fontanels

Back 47

anterior and posterior: both diamond shaped, anterior largest. All others smaller, irregularily shaped.

Front 48

endochondral ossification

Back 48

chondrocytes first form hyaline cartilagenous bone model, inorganic salts placed, cartilage calcifies. osteoblasts arrive, growth happens in growth centres at cartilage plate until fully grown, then line ossifies.

Front 49

intramembranous ossification

Back 49

mesenchyme fibrous membrane turns directly into bone when osteoblasts arrive and cluster. one growth centre, enlarges at periphery until adult size. (skull bones)