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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Salbutamol
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Beta-2 Selective Agonist First-line asthma, tolerance over long-term use Bronchodilator |
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Theophylline
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Adenosine Antagonist + PDEi Toxic past 10 ug/ml Blocks breakdown of cAMP, blocks adenosine effects in lungs |
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Ipratropium
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Muscarinic Antagonist Second-line asthma, inhaled to minimize side effects, COPD Blocks vagal bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion |
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Cromolyn
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Mast Cell Stabilizer Prophylaxis of asthma Stops histamine secretion by stabilizing mast cell membrane |
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Beclomethasone
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Corticosteroids Administer locally in form not absorbed to avoid side effects Slow acting (6-12 h) inhibition of inflammation pathways, dramatic results |
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Zileuton
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Leukotrienes Aspirin induced asthma 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor |
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Montelukast
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Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Leukotrienes Aspirin induced asthma CysLT1 Antagonist |
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Nitroglycerin
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina
Nitrates Sublingual (short), ointment (long), transdermal (long) Vasodilation of blood vessels, reduced workload on oxygen demand, increase oxygen supply |
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Isosorbide Dinitrate
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina
Nitrates Oral (long) Vasodilation of blood vessels, reduced workload on oxygen demand, increase oxygen supply |
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Metoprolol
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina / Congestive Heart Failure
Beta Blockers No effect on own, great when angina present, lipid hostile, withdrawal syndrome Blocks Beta receptors in heart, stops renin secretion from kidneys, reduce oxygen demand and work/afterload, lowers TPR and CO |
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Atenolol
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina / Congestive Heart Failure / Antihypertensives
Beta Blockers No effect on own, great when angina present, lipid hostile, withdrawal syndrome Blocks Beta receptors in heart, stops renin secretion from kidneys, reduce oxygen demand and work/afterload, lowers TPR and CO |
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Diltiazem
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina
Calcium Channel Blockers Increase Vasodilation; Decrease HR, Contr, Cond Blocks L-type CA channels, reduces O2 demand and work/afterload, increases O2 supply, causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation, reduced heart rate DHPs (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) have higher affinity for smooth muscle than cardiac |
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Verapamil
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina
Calcium Channel Blockers Increase Vasodilation; Decrease HR, Contr, Cond Blocks L-type CA channels, reduces O2 demand and work/afterload, increases O2 supply, causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation, reduced heart rate DHPs (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) have higher affinity for smooth muscle than cardiac |
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Amlodipine
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina / Antihypertensives
Calcium Channel Blockers Increase Vasodilation, HR, Cond; Decrease Contr Blocks L-type CA channels, reduces O2 demand and work/afterload, increases O2 supply, causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation, reduced heart rate DHPs (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) have higher affinity for smooth muscle than cardiac |
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Nifedipine
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Regional Ischemia Coronary Artery Disease/Angina / Antihypertensives
Calcium Channel Blockers Increase Vasodilation, HR, Cond; Decrease Contr Blocks L-type CA channels, reduces O2 demand and work/afterload, increases O2 supply, causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation, reduced heart rate DHPs (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) have higher affinity for smooth muscle than cardiac |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Antihypertensives
Thiazide Diuretics Reduce TPR 4 weeks later, compensatory drawback Reduce venous return/CO/BP, very cheap, can cause hypokalemia, combine with K-sparing |
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Prazosin
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Antihypertensives
Alpha-1 Blocker Orthostatic hypotension Dilate resistance/capacitance vessels, lower TPR |
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Hydralazine
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Antihypertensives / Congestive Heart Failure
Vasodilators Hypertensive emergencies Arteriodilator causes increased SNS drive, increase preload, so not used in normal HTN |
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Na+ Nitroprusside
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Antihypertensives
Vasodilators Hypertensive emergencies Veno- and arteriodilator, can lead to cyanide poisoning |
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Enalapril
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Antihypertensives / Congestive Heart Failure
ACE Inhibitor Increased bradykinin; cough, angioedema, vasodiation Block conversion of AngI to AngII, while increasing [Bradykinin] |
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Lisinopril
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Antihypertensives / Congestive Heart Failure
ACE Inhibitor Increased bradykinin; cough, angioedema, vasodiation Block conversion of AngI to AngII, while increasing [Bradykinin] |
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Losartan
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Antihypertensives / Congestive Heart Failure
AngII Receptor Blockers Less cough, angiodema Block AngII AT1 receptor (bad), leave AT2 (good), no bradykinin effect |
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Aliskerin
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Antihypertensives
Direct Renin Inhibitor Direct effect on BSMC for vasoconstriction Inhibit renin, lower BP, shuts off AngI/AngII/Aldosterone effects |
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Carvedilol
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Congestive Heart Failure
Alpha/Beta Blockers Looks after both preload and afterload Blocks alpha for quick vasodilation, also blocks Beta for RAAS blockade |
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Labetolol
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Congestive Heart Failure
Alpha/Beta Blockers Looks after both preload and afterload Blocks alpha for quick vasodilation, also blocks Beta for RAAS blockade |
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Furosemide
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Congestive Heart Failure
Tailored Diuretics Loop diuretic Lower blood volume, preload, vascular edema, relieve congestion |
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Spironolactone
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Congestive Heart Failure
Tailored Diuretics K-sparing; for women Lower blood volume, preload, vascular edema, relieve congestion |
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Dixogin
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Congestive Heart Failure
Digoxin Both hypokalemia and verapamil/amiodarone (increase plasma digoxin levels) increase toxicity Inhibit Na-K ATPase, increase BP/vagal tone, low therapeutic index (~2), effective at 0.7 ng/ml, toxic when > 1.2 ng/ml, renal failure, used more for atrial fibrillation |
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Dobutamine
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Congestive Heart Failure
DA/PDEi Beta Agonist Rarely used, last resort to maintain failing heart, temporary while waiting for heart transplant |
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Milrinone
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Congestive Heart Failure
DA/PDEi PDE inhibitor Rarely used, last resort to maintain failing heart, temporary while waiting for heart transplant |
