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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rudimentary Learning |
built in basic learning habituation, sensitization, imprinting necessary for survival |
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habituation |
rudimentary repetition of neutral stimulus leads to decreases response think worm---tapped many times, stops curling after a while -happens when stimulus isn't threatening |
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sensitization |
rudimentary become more sensitive after threatening stimulus think worm after it is stabbed---overacts to a tap |
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imprinting |
rudimentary young birds ( 12-18 hours old) follow first big object they see young animals attach to old ones not limited within same species winged migration -save birds with imprinting |
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Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning |
association between experiences pavlov's dogs |
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unconditioned stimulus (ucs) |
classical provokes response without previous conditioning THINK MEAT |
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unconditioned response (ucr) |
classical unlearned reaction/ reflex DROOL |
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conditioned stimulus (cs) |
classical previously neutral stimulus now requires meaning + provokes response BELL |
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conditioned response (cr) |
classical learned reaction DROOL because of bell |
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contiguity |
classical onset of CS a bit before UCS think horror movie sounds |
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novelty |
classical new stimuli lead to faster learning because no other association think JAWS theme song think party scene: tequila, Doritos, loud music and later you get a sick stomach. you'll blame tequila because it's the first time you've had it whereas you've had Doritos your whole life |
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biological preparedness |
classical prepared stimuli -- evolutionarily prepared to associate learned taste: Garcia's rats (easy to condition taste with nausea than flashing lights with nausea) learned fear: Mineka's monkeys (easy to teach monkey to fear snakes over mushrooms) in humans the response to snakes stays when elected shockers are removed but not response to mushrooms |
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extinction |
classical cs without us, no cr continuous bell without meat = no drool takes longer with biologically prepared stimuli (humans still afraid of snake when electrode shock is removed) |
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spontaneous recovery |
classical cr comes back after a long time without exposure to cs wait a month and ring bell - dog drools implies we don't unlearn original association, rather we learn new responses and overlay them on the original conditioning |
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discrimination |
classical specific only this bell means meat |
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generalization |
classical learned cr to one cs generalizes to similar cs Watson and Little Albert -white rat = loud noise (bad) --- all fuzzy white objects = bad |
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Operant/Instrumental Conditioning |
controlled consequence skinner reinforcement punishment |
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reinforcement |
operant increase response through positive consequences |
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positive reinforcement |
presence of good -> increase behavior give something good give chocolate for cleaning room |
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negative reinforcement |
absence of bad -> increase behavior take away something bad stop nagging to clean the room |
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punishment |
operant decrease response through negative consequences skinner says: better to reinforce desired behavior than punish unwanted ones punishment may carry unintended consequence (associate punisher with fear)-- think puppy that isn't trained yet |
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positive punishment |
presence of bad -> decrease behavior give something bad spank because room isn't clean |
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negative punishment |
absence of good -> decrease behavior take away something good no more TV because homework isn't done |
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shaping |
operant reinforce approximations of good behavior praise for leaving clothes close to hamper, then for getting them into hamper |
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chaining |
operant build up reinforce, link actions, reinforce after both are done in correct order, then link another, repeat |
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extinction (operant) |
operant action no longer reinforced, behavior extinguishes with time |
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overjustification effect |
operant reward a behavior that the person already liked to do, will lead to decrease in the behavior when there is no reward paying kids to play on your lawn, then stop paying them, they go away |
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primary reinforcers |
inherently reinforcing basic or biological needs (food) |
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secondary reinforcers |
reinforcing because they associate with basic needs money, grades, clicker for dog (means food later) |
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continuos reinforcement |
reinforce for EVERY instance of desired behavior good for initial training |
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variable/ partial reinforcement |
reinforce some times leads to greater resistance to extinction think gambling and slot machines |
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random reinforcement |
results in superstitious behavior: -pigeons standing on one leg or flapping one wing because they think this is why they got food -lucky socks |
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Observational learning |
learning through imitation bandura's bob doll - kids who see adults play with doll aggressively will play with the doll aggressively aggression linked with video games |
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vicarious reinforcement |
observational when another person receives positive or negative consequence, it has an impact on your learning especially true with role models/ people you admire think smoking in movies (now its frowned upon and people who smoke on tv are homeless or poor, but before people who smokes were glamorous) |
