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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Progressivism
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is a political and social term for ideologies and movements favoring or advocating changes or reform, usually in an egalitarian direction for economic policies (public management) and liberal direction for social policies.
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Goals of Progressivism
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-Expansion of Democracy o Initiative (Voter submitted bills) o Referendum (Vote put directly to people) o Recall (Vote officials out of office) o Secret Ballot o Direct Primary o Direct Senatorial Elections
-Improve the Efficiency of Government o Professional Administrators (City mayor government) o Centralize/Stream-line decision making o Eliminate Corruption -Regulate Large Corporations and Monopolies o True laissez-faire o Trust-busting o Regulation o Socialism -Promote Social Justice o Development of professional social workers o Building/Expansion of settlement houses (not tenements) o Child labor laws o Support for organized labor o Prohibition |
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muckrakers
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refers to John Bunyan’s Pilgrims Progress in which a character is so busy using a rake to clean up the muck of this world that he does not raise his eyes to heaven
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referendum
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is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
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initiative
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the ability to act and make decisions without the help or advice of other people
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recall
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enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term if enough voters asked for it.
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17th amendment
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An amendment to the U.S. constitution adopted in 1913 that provides for the election of U.S. senators by the people rather than by state legislatures
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The Jungle
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The book dealt with conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that partly contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.
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NAACP
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to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination
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NAWSA
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The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association
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NACW
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The National Association of Colored Women was the most prominent organization formed during the Black Women’s Movement. This was due chiefly to the efforts of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell. Both women were educated, had economically successful parents, and were of mixed racial background.
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Spanish-American War
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1898 indigenous struggles for independence in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippine Islands
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American – Filipino War
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continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence, following the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-American War.
The struggle officially began on June 2, 1899, when the Philippines declared war against the United States and it officially ended on July 4, 1902, after Aguinaldo's surrender. |
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Boxer Rebellion
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in 1900 rebellion in which members of a chinese secret society saught to free their country from western influence
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Goals/Reasons for Imperialism
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-desire for military stength
-thirst for new markets -belief in cultural superiority |
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Open Door policy/Notes
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trade should be open to other countries
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Monroe Doctrine
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a policy of u.s. opposition to end europe interferance in the affairs of the western hemisphere announced by president monroe in 1823
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Platt Amendment
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series of provisions in 1901, u.s. insisted cuba add to its new constitution, commanding cuba to stay out od debt and give the u.s. the right to intervene in the country and the right to buy or lease cuban land for naval and fueling stations
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Long Term causes of WWI
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alliance system- Allies, central powers
imperialism- competing for control of colonies in order to gain land, resources, and influence nationalism-Extreme pride in one’s nations or state militarism-The glorification of one’s military |
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Short Term causes of WWI
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Assassination- The deliberate murder of a high-ranking government official
-Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip. Gavrilo Princip was a member of the “Black Hand”, a Serbian nationalist group. Archduke Ferdinand was next in line for the Austrian throne |
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New weaponry of WWI
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Bayonets Chiefly used as a psychological weapon
Flamethrowers How 'sheets of flame' terrorised the British in 1915 Grenades Mills Bombs and Jam Pots: both forms of grenades Machine Guns How the German Army saw its potential before 1914 Pistols The officer's weapon Poison Gas First used by the French and popularised by the Germans Rifles Still the infantry's greatest asset Tanks The design and use of tanks during wartime Trench Mortars An ancient weapon given fresh life in the trenches |
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Isolationism
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is a foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of economic nationalism (protectionism).
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Nativism
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a term used by scholars to refer to ethnocentric beliefs relating to immigration and nationalism. In particular, it may refer to 19th and 20th century political movements in the United States
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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were Italian immigrants who were accused and convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in Massachusetts. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the men were executed on August 23, 1927.
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Rise of the KKK in the 1920's
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The KKK was devoted to 100% Americanism and by 1924 the KKK membership reached 4.5 million. They believed to keep blacks in their place, and keep foreign people out of the country.
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Fordney- McCumber Tariff
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a set of regulations, enacted by congress in 1922, that raised taxes on imports to record levels in order to protect American businesses against foreign competition
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John Steinbeck
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he wrote the Grapes of Wrathreveals the lives of oklahomans who left the dust bowl and ended up in california.
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Dust Bowl
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the region including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, that was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930's.
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Works Progress Administration
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Was headed by Harry Hopkins who was the former chief of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was sent out to create as many jobs as fast as possible. Between 1935 and 1943 it spent 11 billion dollars to give jobs to 8 million workers, most of them were unskilled. These workers built airports, fixed roads, and put up more than 125,000 public buildings |
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Social Security Act
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Passed in 1935, it was created by a committee chaired by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins.
It was one of the most important achievements of the New Deal. Old age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses. The insurance was a supplement retirement plan. It came 50/50 from worker and employer. Although some people were excluded it helped millions of people. Unemployment Compensation System which was funded by a federal tax on employers. It was administered at the state level and initially payments started at $15- $18 per week. Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled. The aid was paid for by the federal funds made available to the states |
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FDIC
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federal deposit insurance corp, insured people's money that were in banks
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff
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a law, enacted in 1930, that established the highest protective tariff in U.S history, worsening the depression in America and abroad
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Fundamentalism
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a Protestant religous movement grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the bible are literally true
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Darwinism
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A theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory.
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Double Standard
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a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than women
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Harlem Renaissance
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a flowering of African-American artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem community of New York City
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Glass Steagall Banking Act
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was a law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and introduced banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation.
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bank holiday
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when banks are closed (sundays, holidays)
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New Deal
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was a series of economic programs passed by Congress during the first term of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, from 1933 to his reelection in 1937. Few new programs were enacted after 1936, and many agencies were disbanded during World War II. The programs were responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the 3 Rs: relief, recovery and reform. That is, relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
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FDR
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January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945; pronounced /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROE-zə-velt) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he was often referred to by his initials, FDR. Roosevelt won his first of four presidential elections in 1932, while the United States was in the depths of the Great Depression.
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Brain Trust
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group of close advisors to a political candidate or incumbent, prized for their expertise in particular fields
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Duke Ellington
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was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader.
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Prohibition
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the period from 1920-1933 during which the Eighteenth Amendment forbidding the manufacture and ale of alcohol was in force in the United States
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16th Amendment
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to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results
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17th Amendment
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an amendment to the U.S Consitution, adopted in 1939, that provides for the election of U.S senators by the people rather than the state legislatures
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18th Amendment
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-(which defined "intoxicating liquors” excluding those used for religious purposes and sales throughout the U.S.), established Prohibition in the United States. Its ratification was certified on January 16, 1919. It is the only amendment to the Constitution that has been repealed (by the Twenty-first Amendment) (1933).
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Mary Mcleod Bethune
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educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for young african americans.
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Frances Perkins
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americas first female cabinet member, played major role in creating sss and supervised labor legislation.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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social reformer who cimbined her deep humanitarian impulses with great political skills, urged to appoint women to government positions
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Buying on Margin
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paying a small percentage of a stocks price as down payment and borrowing the rest.
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Speculation
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an involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large point.
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Boulder Dam
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a dam on the Colorado river- now called Hoover dam that was built during the great depression as part of a public works program intended to stimulate business and provide jobs.
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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approved by in January 1932. It authorized up to $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads, and other large businesses.
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Federal Home Loan Bank Act
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a law enacted in 1931, that lowered home mortgage rates and allowed farmers to refinance their loans and avoid foreclosure.
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“Return to Normalcy”
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Warren Harding's wanted to return life back to the way it was before WW1.
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Warren Harding
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November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate (1899–1903) and later as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1903–1905) and as a U.S. Senator (1915–1921).
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19th Amendment
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prohibits each state and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920.
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Speakeasies
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a place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition
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Bootleggers
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a person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the United States during prohibition
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General Trend of the Economy in the 1920's
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It was called the "roar of the 20's" because of the good ecomony. There was airplane businesses and people were getting more income to spend,there was more advertising and more economic oppurtunity
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General Trend of politics in the 1920's
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Warren harding wanted to return to "normalcy" and go back to life before life was before WW1, but scandal hit his administration. This was the time that the KKK came into play as well. A main contreversy of the time was prhibition which was alcohol banned by the governement
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Bonus Army
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a group of WW1 veterans and their families who marched on
Washington D.C in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of a bonus they had been promised for military service |
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Herbert Hoover
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was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author
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Woodrow Wilson
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was the 28th President of the United States. A leading intellectual of the Progressive Era, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913.
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Calvin Coolidge
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(July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state.
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