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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 processes of development? |
1. Biological (physical) 2. Cognitive 3. Social Emotional |
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What are the 8 Periods of development? |
1. Conception to birth 2. Infancy, Birth to 2 3. Early Childhood, 2 to 6 4. Middle Childhood, 6 to 11 5. Adolescence, 11 to 18 6. Early Adulthood, 18 to 40 7. Middle Adulthood, 40 to 65 8. Late adululthood, 65 to death |
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What are the 4 Conceptions of age? |
1. Chronological Age (# of birthdays) 2. Biological Age (Physical development) 3. Psychological Age (Mental development) 4. Social Age |
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What are the 3 development Issues? |
1. Nature vs Nurture 2. Continuous vs Discontinuous 3. Critical Periods |
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What are the 3 Research measures and methods? |
1. Measure.. gathering info - observation - Self report (least reliable) - case studies 2. Correlational Method (Compare 2) 3.Experimental Method |
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What are the 6 Ethical Research methods? |
1. Protection from harm 2. Informed Consent 3. Privacy of Identity 4. Knowledge of results 5. Beneficial Treatments 6. Children must be able to Discontinue |
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What is the definition of "Theory"? |
A set of Ideas that help to explain and make predictions |
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What are 3 main aspects of Freud's Stage theory? |
1. Each builds on last 2. Discontinuous development 3. Nature and Nurture |
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What are the 2 Biological Importance's In Freud's theory? |
1. Biological : "Libido" 2. Child's Sexual Drive |
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What are the 3 aspects of personality in Freud's theory? |
1. "ID" 2. "Ego" 3 to 5 years 3. "Super Ego" 5 to 7 years |
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What are the 4 stages of Freud's Theory? |
1. Oral, 0 to 1 2. Anal, 1 to 3 3. Phallic, 3 to 6 4. Latency, 6 to 11 |
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What are the first 4 conflict stages of Erikson's Theory from birth to puberty? |
1st. trust vs mistrust, birth to 2 2nd. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt, 2 to 3 3rd. Initiative vs Guilt, 3 to 6 4th. Industry vs Inferiority, 6 to puberty |
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What are the last 4 conflict stages of Erikson's Theory from puberty to Death?
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5th. I.D. vs I.D. Diffusion, puberty to 18 6th. Intimacy vs Isolation, 18 to adult 7th. Generativity vs Stagnation, adult to late adult 8th. Integrity vs Despair, Late Adult to Death |
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What are the first 2 stages of Piaget's theory |
1. Sensorimotor Stage, birth to 2 - Infants think by acting on the world through their "Senses" 2. Pre-Operational stage, 2 to 7 - Symbolic thinking |
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What are the last 2 stages of Piaget's theory
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3. Concrete-Operational Stage, 7 to 11 - Use of logic, concrete learners 4. Formal Operational Stage, 11 and on - Abstract thinking and playing |
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What are 2 important aspects of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive theory, regarding how children develop and operate? |
1.Children operate within cultural contexts - Nature and nurture 2. Communication - Children use language heard by others as "private speech" to acquire skills. |
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What are 2 important aspects of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive theory, regarding how children need to be taught and how they should be supported?
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1. Scaffolding - Specific support offered to fit the child's current knowledge 2. Zone of Proximal Development - Range of tasks that a child can do without help and what he or she can do with help of peers and others |
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What are 4 aspects of Bonfenbrenner's Basic Theory? |
1.It's a biological Model 2. Belief: We develop as we are affected by multiple levels of the environment 3. There are no stage in his theory 4.theory is Nature and Nurture |
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What are the main 3 Behaviorist Theorists? |
1. Watson 2. Pavlov 3. Skinner |
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What is Classical Conditioning, described in Pavlov's behaviorist theory? |
Classical Conditioning - Learning in response to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response - You can teach dogs that food is coming by ringing a bell. The dogs react like they smell food simply by hearing the bell. |
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What kind of theorist is Skinner, and what is his basic belief on "operant conditioning"? |
Skinner is a Behaviorist Theorist Operant conditioning: - People operate on their environment to bring about a desired state of affairs - Responses are strengthened or weakened, depending on positive or negative consequences
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Answer these questions about the key points in genetics... 1. Almost everything about us have to do with__? 2. Each cell has the same _____ ? 3. Genes are composed of __ arranged along __? |
1. Proteins 2. Genetic information 3. DNA arranged along chromosones |
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What are Gametes, how many chromosomes do they contain, and how do they create a zygote? |
Gametes (Sperm and Ovum) Half of a zygote - Each contain 23 chromosomes which upon fertilization combine into one new cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes called a zygote - Men and women have gametes or haploid cells and when they have sex, the sperm gamete combines with the ovum gamete or "egg cell" |
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How many Chromosomes does a human cell have and what is a zygote? |
Each human cell has 46 chromosomes. A zygote is a human cell the result of two haploids combining |
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1. What is Mitosis? 2. What is Meiosis? |
1. Mitosis: Mechanism which ensures genetic information is is copied - The new cell given by the parent separates to form a 2 daughter and passes on its genetic material to each of its daughter cells. 2. Meiosis: The production of gametes (sperm or egg cells) - Ensure variation in genetic content (only 1/2 of genetic content) |
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What are the 2 types of Make up in Mendelian Genetics? |
1. Phenotype: What you see, Physical make up 2. Genontype: Genetic make up |
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Answer these questions about Piaget's Cognitive theory?
1. What type of stages does Piaget theory have? 2. What word is a key question... Process? 3.. What is the age span of Piaget's theory?
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1. Fixed Universal Stages
2. "WHY" is the key question... Process 3. Data Source: Observation 6. Adaptations of thinking- |
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Answer these questions about Piaget's Cognitive theory?
1. What is Piaget's data source? 2. Is his theory Nature, Nurture , or both? and in what ways? 3.What is "Organization of thought"? |
1. Data Source: Observation 2. Both nature and nurture Biology and "hands on" experience. 3. Organization of thought: Ideas are connected into "Schemes" |
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In Piaget's cognitive theory, what are the 2 Adaptations of thinking? |
1. Assimilation: Put new info in old info 2. Accommodation: Adjust new info
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