Midterm Review: Mod 3

Front 1

Cladding

Back 1

• material covering the vertical exterior of the building

Front 2

Building Envelope

Back 2

• The sum of all building elements separating the inside from the outside

Front 3

Primary requirements of Building Envelope (6)

Back 3

1. Disallow/ Keep water out
2. Prevent air leakage
3. Control lighting
4. Control radiation of heat
5. Control conduction of heat
6. Sound Control

Front 4

Secondary requirements of Building Envelope (6)

Back 4

1. Resist/ bearing wind forces
2. Control / resist water vapour transmission
3. Fire resistant
4. Weathering and materiel maintenance
5. Ease of installation
6. Adapting to movement (thermal expansion , structural moments )

Front 5

Curtain wall system

Back 5

• passes floor system
• hangs like a curtain on structural frame
• thin and light
• constructed or pre fab
• start at the bottom

Front 6

3 conditions in order for water to penetrate cladding system

Back 6

1. Water must be present
2. Opening for water to pass through
3. Force to move water

Front 7

Five forces which move water

Back 7

1. Gravity
2. Momentum
3. Surface Tension
4. Capillary Action
5. Pressure Un-Equalized
   

Front 8

PEC rain screens

Back 8

• Pressure equalized chamber
• masonry cavity wall
• Back up wall sealed with an Air Barrier

Front 9

PERSIST stands for

Back 9

• Pressure
• Equalized
• Rain
• Screen
• Insulated
• Structure
• Technique

Front 10

PERSIST wall

Back 10

• moving both Vapour barrier and the insulation to the outside of the building
• continuous plane from foundation to roof
• cladding is from system

Front 11

IGU

Back 11

• insulated glass unit
• reflective coatings act as a solar control
• low e means low reflective that reflect heat back to warmer side
• reducing solar gain or retaining interior heat
• max size 8 by 12 feet

Front 12

COMMON IGU coatings and gasses

Back 12

• tint
• low e
• argon

Front 13

Tint and treatments

Back 13

1. Tint: common is green, bronze, grey blue
2. Annealed and heat strengthen is most common in igu. based on wind load and thermal loading
3. Wired glass: may be required for fire code

Front 14

Annealed glass

Back 14

• heat strengthened so it can tolerate more rapid and uneven temp swings

Front 15

Glass types in terms of force

Back 15

Front 16

Conventional stucco

Back 16

• two coat of portland cement
• first is scratch coat

Front 17

EIFS-

Back 17

• Exterior insulation finishing system
• Rain screen Stucco with Grooves in stucco

Front 18

**Single layer barrier system (Low performance)

Back 18

• load bearing and insulated (housing,siding,woodframe, insulated )
• Non load bearing (Precast concrete panels)

Front 19

** Cavity or PEC (high performance)

Back 19

• Load bearing ( Brick exterior, airspace, insulation, block or stud wall)
• Non load bearing ( glass curtain wall: with thermal break and dual sealed glazed units)

Front 20

Roofing intro

Back 20

• first line of defense
• highest insulation values
• Steep roofs are simpler and cheaper than low slope
• small leaks to detect and do lots of damage

Front 21

The role of a roofing system (3)

Back 21

1. Protect inner space from rain, snow and sun rays
2. Insulate from extreme hot and cold
3. Control water vapor problems

Front 22

Low slope characteristics

Back 22

1. Almost flat
2. Slow water drainage capacity
3. Proper for covering a building of any horizontal dimension

Front 23

Built up roof

Back 23

• Bituminous Roof Membrane
• SBS ( modified Bituminous Roof Membrane)
• Old type, still on schools
• Hot or cold applied, torched, self adhesive
• Green Roofs

Front 24

Membrane roof

Back 24

• thin layer of materials that tops water
• EPDM (rubber ): ballastered, fully adhered
• TPO(high end common in schools) : white , mechanically fastened

Front 25

2 Roof categories

Back 25

• Low
• Steep

Front 26

2 Low slope roofs

Back 26

• Built up
• Membrane

Front 27

Built up products

Back 27

• Bituminous Roof Membrane
• SBS modified bituminous roof membrane

Front 28

Ways built up can be applied

Back 28

• torched
• cold
• self adhesive

Front 29

Green Roof

Back 29

• inverted roof

Front 30

Low slope characteristics

Back 30

1. High thermal resistance
2. Resistance to denting and gouging
3. free of moisture decay
4. Fire resistant
5. Insuperable to melting or dissolving when hot bitumen are mopped onto it

Front 31

Installation position

Back 31

1. insulation below deck
2. insulation between deck and membrane
3. insulation above the membrane

Front 32

Perlite

Back 32

• natural
• fire resistant

Front 33

Polyisocyanurate

Back 33

• highest R value

Front 34

Expanded polstyrene

Back 34

• lowest cost/ low R value
• denting

Front 35

Extruded polystyrene

Back 35

• stronger
• no dents
• cheap for R value

Front 36

Expanded and Extruded Polystyrene

Back 36

Front 37

Inverted patio roofs have the membrane on the Top or Bottom ?

Back 37

Bottom

Front 38

Steep Roof Characteristics

Back 38

1. Quick drainage of water
2. Small inexpensive material (shingles )
3. Conforming to the thermal expansion and contraction in the structure
4. Easy ventilation of water vapour

Problem: Ice damming , poor ventilation

Front 39

Preventing Ice Dams

Back 39

1. Ventilate Eaves and Ridge (ridge vent)
2. Cap the Hatch (cover attic hatch or whole house fan)
3. Exhaust to Outside (all ducts go out roof or wall)
4. Add insulation
5. Install Sealed Can Lights
6. Flash around Chimneys
7. Seal and Insulate Ducts
8. Caulk Penetrations

Front 40

4 Fundamental changes to buildings in last 50 years

Back 40

1. Increased Thermal Resistance ( more insulation )
2. Change in permeability of lines we put on inside and outside (Poly on inside, vinyl wall covering )
3. Water and mold sensitivity of buildingmaterials (mold sensitive materials, engineered products)
4. ability of the building enclosure to store and redistribute moisture (big hygric buffer)