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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1.capitalism
2. laissez faire 3. free-enterprise system |
-an economic system in which trade, industry, and production are all controlled by private owners
-an economic policy that allows businesses to operate with little to no interference from the government – a system in which privately owned businesses can compete with other privately owned businesses freely |
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Big business
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Large scale financial or business activities controlled by powerful businesses.
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Growth of unions/labor movement
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these most notably fought for better working conditions, shorter work hours, and higher wages; the act of campaigning for such things became known as a labor movement
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
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A fire in Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, killing 146 people causing the formation of International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union.
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Trust/monopolies
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-a group of corporations run by a single board of directors
- a company that controls most or all businesses within a particular industry |
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John D. Rockefeller/Standard Oil
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Robber Baron, horizontal integration, Standard Oil ruled the Oil Industry
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Andrew Carnegie/Carnegie Steel
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Industrialist, Vertical integration, steel industry was dominated by Carnegie Steel
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Social Darwinism
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Survival of the fittest
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Conditions in factories/sweatshops
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Working conditions within factories and sweatshops were terrible
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Child Labor
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Child laborers often worked dangerous jobs to support their low income families
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Bessemer Process
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A cheap way to make mass amounts of steel.
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Push/pull factors of immigration
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- to leave their countries: famine, lack of prosperity, and lack of freedom
- to come to the United States: abundance of jobs, freedom, and rumors of economic prosperity for all |
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Old/new immigrants
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- came from northern and western Europe: were often literate, skilled, and had some amount of money
- southern and eastern Europe; were often illiterate, unskilled, and poor |
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Ellis Island
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An island within the New York Bay that served as a gateway into the United States for arriving immigrants.
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Emma Lazarus
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The poet who wrote “The New Colossus”; this poem helped to spread the idea that the Statue was a symbol of immigration
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Tenements
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Buildings divided into multiple tiny apartments of which were usually comprised of a single room(no space); these things often became the dwelling places for immigrant families due to their low rent.
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Irish Potato Famine
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mass starvation and disease in Ireland - 1845 and 1852- resulted in a massive increase in the amount of Irish immigrants in the United States.
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Assimilation/acculturation
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- the occurrence of a person of one culture adopts characteristics of another culture
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Nativist/nativism
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a policy that favors the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants. Those who support are nativists.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.
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Quota System
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A system that limited the number of immigrants of a certain race that were able to enter the United States every year.
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Urbanization
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the rapid growth and expansion of towns and cities.
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Progressives
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those that fought for the issues in need of reform that were present within society, such as political corruption and inequality of rights
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Muckrakers (Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair)
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These people are writers and journalists that wrote with the purpose of exposing issues in need of reform. [ This man targeted tenement life, wrote How the Other Half Lives]
[ This guy targeted child labor] [ This woman targeted monopolies, like Standard Oil] [This man targeted the meatpacking industry and wrote The Jungle] |
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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An act that broke up trusts that cheated the American people.
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16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments
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- allowed the federal government to collect income tax
- establishes the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote - prohibits the production, sale, or transport of alcohol - establishes women’s suffrage |
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Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act/The Jungle
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- an act that banned the transport of contaminated or mislabeled food or drug products
- an act that required the accurate branding of meat as well as the condemning of meat deemed unfit for human consumption - a novel written by Upton Sinclair that spoke of the hardships of working class Americans as well as the corruption of the American meatpacking industry |
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Jane Addams/Hull House/settlement houses
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- a social reformer that fought for women’s suffrage
- a settlement house co-founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889; meant to assist European immigrants; it eventually became a place for the entire neighborhood to enjoy - centers that provide services and activities to the urban poor |
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Women’s Suffrage
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- National Woman’s Party (NWP): an organization that fought for women’s rights to be equal to those of men
- National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA: an organization that fought for women’s suffrage, formed as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association |
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Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul)
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- prominent leader in both the Civil Rights and Women’s Rights Movements
- prominent leader in the Women’s Rights Movement, helped organize the first women’s rights convention (Seneca Falls Convention) - prominent leader in the Women’s Rights Movement, served as president of NAWSA - suffragist and women’s rights activist, introduced more aggressive methods of campaigning such as protest marches |
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W. E. B. DuBois, Ida B. Well, Booker T. Washington
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- civil rights activist, founded the NAACP
- suffragist and civil rights activist, documented lynching (murder when the offender has not been proven of any crime) within the United States - prominent African American leader and educator, encouraged African Americans to improve their educational and economic well-being |
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): an African American Civil Rights organization within the United States
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Temperance Movement/Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)
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– a movement that was opposed to the consumption of alcohol
– a woman that supported the temperance movement, promoting her viewpoint by vandalizing establishments that served alcoholic beverages with a hatchet - a women’s organization that fought for social reform with favoritism towards Christianity and its practices |
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Prohibition
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- The action of abstaining from or opposing something (opposing alcohol) the 18th amendment established prohibition within the United States until it was repealed by the 21st amendment
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Compulsory education laws
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- made it mandatory for children to receive education for a certain period of time
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William “Boss” Tweed
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- corrupt NYC politician within the Democratic Party whom exercised his power through patronage of his supporters
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Patronage/spoils system
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- the action of supporting another person or group, usually with money or favors (straight up bribery)
- a practice in which a political party that has won an election awards government jobs to friends and supporters |
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Political machines
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- political organizations that have enough popularity or power to control a certain government
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Pendleton Act/civil service
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- an act that made the awarding of government jobs based on the quality of an individual rather than their political ties or affiliations
- the system under which government jobs are awarded |
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Theodore Roosevelt/trustbuster
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- the 26th president of the United States; advocated trust-busting and the conservation of nature
- person who breaks up trusts. |
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Conservation
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The protection of natural resources
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Robert La Follette/Wisconsin Idea
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- a Republican who served as a senator of the state of Wisconsin
- a series of political reforms heavily advocated by Robert La Follette, including primary elections, workers’ compensation, and the regulation of railroads by states |
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Direct primaries
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an election in which a political party nominates candidates to run for an upcoming general election
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Recall
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a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office before their term had ended (similar to impeaching the President)
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Referendum
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occasion when everyone in a country can vote on a particular subject
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Initiatives
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a process by which people can suggest a new law by signing a petition
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