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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ahl ul-kitab
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"People of the Book", or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of sacred text believed to be of divine origin which were mentioned in Quran. This includes Jews and Christians.
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aggadah
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theological (narrative) material that makes up 90% of the Quran
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ansar
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it means helpers. These were the people of Medina who responded to Muhammad's call to Islam and helped him in creating a state for Islam.
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Buraq
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This is the winged creature that carried Muhammad on his "night journey" from Mecca to Jerusalem; aka The "Super-sonic" Donkey
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Crusades
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strongest collective impression on a civilization that had just begun to be conscious of itself; Europe's earliest attempt at cultural unity; concept of "Christiandom" led to concept of "Europe"; intellectual damage by poisoning Western minds against Islam; victories over Muslim "heathens" at inception of European civilization. (Road to Mecca article)
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hadith
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oral traditions relating to the words of Muhammad; important tools for determining sunnah (Muslim way of life); 2 parts--actual narrative and isnad (chain of narrators); first people to receive hadith were companions of Muhammad
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Halakhah
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Jurisdiction material that makes up 10% of the Quran
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Hanifiyya
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the "upright" ones; monotheists (non-denominational)
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haram
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Forbidden: can refer to the women's private quarters; contributes to polygamist stereotype of Muslims.
can also refer to the sacred precincts of Mecca, where no non-Muslim may enter, or refer to forbidden food (pork, wine, etc...) or forbidden acts (adultery, etc...) |
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Hijaz
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Western area of Central Arabia, present day Saudi Arabia. It contains both Mecca and Medina and is the Birthplace of Muhammad
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Hijra
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the migration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina from Mecca in 622 CE, marking the first year of the Islamic calender
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Iblis
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The name for Satan in Islam
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jahiliyya
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Time of ignorance; refers to the polytheism before Islam
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Jinn
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A supernatural fiery creature which possesses free will and can be good or evil. There is a whole Sura named after them in the Qur'an (Al-Jinn).
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Juz
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- 30 subdivisions of the Qur'an
- Allow worshippers to recite approximately equally-sized portions of the Qur'an during each day of the month of Ramadan (i.e. One subdivision is recited each day) |
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Ka'ba
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A sacred black cube building in the middle of the mosque located in Mecca. Muslims face in the direction of the Ka'ba when they pray.
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Khadijah
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Muhammad's boss who later becomes his wife
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Medina
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Muliticultural town in a civil war that invites Muhammad to the town to bring peace. Also known as Yathrib.
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Mi'raj
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Muhammad's heavenly ascent during the Night Journey (isra') where he is given the command of five prayers a day for all Muslims.
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orientalism
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phenom that helped perpetuate the ideas of Muslim stupidity, sexuality, and violence; found especially in art (ex. Great Baths at Bursa); it is the historical and cultural relationship between Europe and Asia; scientific discipline in the West about the Orient; ideological suppositions, images, and fantasies about the politically urgent region called the Orient (Said article).
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Qiblah
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Direction of prayer
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qira'at
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different ways of reciting the Quran; two main recitations are Hafs an Asim and Warsh an Nafi; 7-14 possible ways to recite, each considered a blessing and legit
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Shahadah
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Bearing witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger.
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surah
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Chapters, literally meaning "rows" that make up the Qu'ran. The Qu'ran consists of 114 different surahs, generally running from the longest surahs at the beginning of the Qu'ran to the shortest surahs at the end of the Qu'ran, with the exception of the first surah. Each surah is divided into ayas, or verses.
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tahrif
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alteration/distortion of scriptures. Some Muslim theorists believe this is what Jews and Christians have done with the Bible
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ummah
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historical Muslim community as a whole
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Yathrib
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Modern day Medina
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Zamzam
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According to Muslim tradition:
- The name for a well provided in the desert by God to keep Hagar and Ishmael alive; Bedouins passing by see the birds flying over the well and decide to stop - Eventually a city is built around the well: Mecca. Abraham visits the city every so often to check-in on Hagar and Ishmael - Thus, Hagar, Ishmael, and Abraham are all considered founders of the holy city of Mecca; this further underscores the Muslim belief that Abraham was the prototypical Muslim |
