Midterm For Eng 061 Combined Set

Front 1

Adjectives modify...

Back 1

a noun or pronoun

Front 2

Adjectives pair with...

Back 2

nouns or pronouns

Front 3

Descriptive adjectives give us information about...

Back 3

a noun

Front 4

Comparative adjectives are used when...

Back 4

comparing two things. Example: smaller, more, larger

Front 5

Superlative adjectives are used when...

Back 5

three or more things are being described. Example: smallest, most, largest

Front 6

In addition to descriptive adjectives, adjectives also function as....

Back 6

Adjective Determiners (5 types)1. article determiners the, an, a2. Demonstratives- this, that, these, those3. number words--cardinal: one, two, three, ... ordinal: first, second, third, last, etc.4. possessives--nouns: John's, Mary's pronouns: my, your, his, her, our, their5. quantifiers--some, much, many, several,...

Front 7

Quantifiers

Back 7

some, much, many, several,... Adjective Determiners

Front 8

Article determiners

Back 8

a, an, theAdjective Determiners

Front 9

Demonstratives

Back 9

this, that, these, those Adjective Determiners

Front 10

Number words

Back 10

Cardinal: one, two, three, ... Ordinal: first, second, third, last, etc.Adjective Determiners

Front 11

Possessives

Back 11

nouns: John's, Mary'spronouns: my, your, his, her, our, theirAdjective Determiners

Front 12

Adverbs pair with...

Back 12

verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Front 13

Adverbs answer the questions...

Back 13

how? why? when? where? to what extent?They parked their truck there. (where?) They parked their truck carefully. (how?) They use their truck occasionally. (how often?)They unloaded the truck yesterday. (when?)

Front 14

Adverbs that pair with adjectives test

Back 14

Example: a completely false idea. (the test: completely does not pair with idea) (you cannot say " a completely idea")a very accurate guess. (the test: very does not pair with guess) some quite dangerous weapons. (quite does not pair with weapons)

Front 15

Adverbs that pair with other adverbs

Back 15

Examples-notice the LY on the end of the adverb that is being paired with.They always answer their mail very promptly. We saw the movie rather recently.

Front 16

Good Vs. Well

Back 16

good pairs with a noun (He is a good dancer.)well pairs with a verb (He dances well.)

Front 17

"good" pairs with a....

Back 17

noun (He is a good dancer.)

Front 18

"well" pairs with a...

Back 18

verb (He dances well.)

Front 19

"well" is used when referring to....

Back 19

Health. He does not feel well.

Front 20

Comparative for "good" (adjective)

Back 20

good, better

Front 21

Superlative for "good" (adjective)

Back 21

good, better, best

Front 22

Comparative for "well"

Back 22

well, better

Front 23

Superlative for "well"

Back 23

well, better, best

Front 24

Comparative for "badly"

Back 24

badly, worse

Front 25

Superlative for "badly"

Back 25

badly, worse, worst

Front 26

For

Back 26

BECAUSECAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPHe acts like a child, for he needs attention.

Front 27

And

Back 27

ADDITIONHe acts like a child, and people think he is cute.

Front 28

Nor

Back 28

ELIMINATE ALTERNATIVESHe does not act like a child, nor does he look like one.Double negative is required.

Front 29

But

Back 29

CONTRAST OR CONTRADICTIONHe acts like a child, but he is an adult.

Front 30

Or

Back 30

PRESENT ALTERNATIVESHe acts like a child, or he is ignored.

Front 31

Yet

Back 31

CONTRAST OR CONTRADICTIONHe acts like a child, yet he wants to be taken seriously.

Front 32

So

Back 32

CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPHe acts like a child, so we treat him like one.

Front 33

Fanboys are also called

Back 33

coordinating conjunctions

Front 34

Fanboys are used with a comma to join

Back 34

two related independent clauses to make a compound sentence

Front 35

Subordinating conjunctions

Back 35

Whenused to join two independent clauses, a subordinating conjunction makes theclause it is attached to subordinate and it becomes a fragment because it nolonger expresses a complete idea. Creates a complex sentence

Front 36

Frequentlyused subordinating conjunctions. ..

Back 36

after although as as if because even though since if where when until while whether unless before

Front 37

Complex sentence:

Back 37

use of subordinating conjunctions = subordination, which creates a complex sentence.If conjunction is added to first clause, then use a comma before the beginning of the second clause. If conjunction is added to second clause, put a comma before it.

Front 38

Compound-Complex sentence:

Back 38

A compound-complex sentence uses both coordination (FANBOYS) + subordination.Example: 1) I went to the store ( , and) I bought some groceries. (compound)2) Because (subordination)3) We were completely out of milk.

Front 39

Independent clause:

Back 39

A clause that can stand on its own as a complete sentence.

Front 40

Dependent clause:

Back 40

a clause that cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence.

Front 41

A clause:

Back 41

a group of words that has both a subject and a verb.

Front 42

Relationship between clauses:TIME

Back 42

after, before, since, until, when, whenever, whileExample: When the whale surfaced, Ahab threw his harpoon.

Front 43

Relationship between clauses: reason or cause

Back 43

as, becauseExample: Scientists scaled back the project because the government cut funds.

Front 44

Relationship between clauses: result or effect

Back 44

in order that, so thatexample: So that student's math scores will improve, many schools have started special programs. (note addition of comma at the end of first clause when subordinating conjunction is added to the beginning of sentence.)

Front 45

Relationship between clauses: condition

Back 45

even if, if, unlessExample: The rainforest may disappear unless steps to prevent it are taken immediately.

Front 46

Relationship between clauses: contrast

Back 46

although, even though, thoughExample: Although Thomas Edison had little formal education, he was a successful inventor.

Front 47

Relationship between clauses: Location

Back 47

where, whereverExample: Pittsburgh was built where two rivers meet.

Front 48

nine prepositions to memorize

Back 48

At by for from in of on with to

Front 49

Prepositional Phrase=

Back 49

a preposition + a noun

Front 50

Infinitive

Back 50

ONLY the preposition “to” + a verb WILL NEVER BE THE MAIN VERBMAY BE THE SUBJECT If not the subject, it is a verbal

Front 51

Prepositions can be identified because they indicate-

Back 51

Point in time Duration of time Direction Location Cause of reason Manner Relation to others

Front 52

Definition of Proper Nouns

Back 52

specific things like people, places, or things. (ex Fred Flintstone)

Front 53

Definition of Common nouns

Back 53

categories of things. (ex caveman)

Front 54

two tests to see if the word is a noun are...

Back 54

1. Can the word be pluralized by adding "s"2. Can you put an article ("a" "an" or "the") in front of it and it makes sense?

Front 55

A pronoun is...

Back 55

a word used in place of one or more nouns.

Front 56

The subject of a sentence tells

Back 56

who or what is being talked about in the sentence.

Front 57

The subject of a sentence can

Back 57

be a noun or a prounoun. Infrequently, the subject can be an infinitive."to live well is the best way to live"

Front 58

A plural subject talks about

Back 58

more than one person, place, or thing.

Front 59

A plural subject that joins two subjects with and is called

Back 59

a compound subject

Front 60

action verbs

Back 60

tell what the subject does, did, or will do. (p. 363)

Front 61

action verbs also show...

Back 61

mental and emotional actions. ex. Mary stresses over the demands of her studies.

Front 62

compound predicates

Back 62

sometimes, a subject performs more than one action:She threw a party, went on vacation, and had a nervous breakdown.

Front 63

-Linking Verbs-

Back 63

connect subject to a word or words that describe or rename it. The linking verb tells what the subject is (or what it was, will be, or seems to be). (p. 364)

Front 64

Frequently used linking verbsTHINK = Sally is pretty. Sally = pretty

Back 64

act appear be (am, is are, was, were) become feel get growlook remain seem smell sound taste turn

Front 65

Helping Verbs-

Back 65

many verbs have more than one word: there are main verbs and their helpers

Front 66

Frequently used helping verbs

Back 66

does did do was werehave has hadmust can couldis are am may might should would will(p. 366)(these often indicate TENSE, which is a clue!)

Front 67

the main verb test

Back 67

you can determine whether a word is the main verb or not by determining if the word has "tense" = past/present/future formsfor example: They are in a car.-"are" is the main verb because the sentence can be written as: They were in a car. They will be in a car.

Front 68

Verbals are...

Back 68

forms of verbs that do NOT function as the main verb of a sentence.

Front 69

Four Types of Verbals:

Back 69

1) Infinitives-- "to" in front of a verb 2) Gerunds-- the "-ing" form of the verb when it functions as a noun. It may or may not be the subject. 3) Present Participles-- the "-ing" form of a verb when it functions as an adjective 4) Past participles

Front 70

(Be) +ing

Back 70

***the "-ing" form of the verb is the main verb ONLY when it is preceded by some form of the helper verb "be." (am, is are, was, were)

Front 71

Infinitives--

Back 71

"to" in front of a verb

Front 72

Gerunds--

Back 72

the "-ing" form of the verb when it functions as a noun. It may or may not be the subject.

Front 73

Present Participles

Back 73

the "-ing" form of a verb when it functions as an adjective

Front 74

Past participles--

Back 74

the form of the verb used with the helper verb "have" usually ending in --ed, --d, --en, --n, or --t. It is the main verb ONLY when it is preceded by some form of the helper verb "have"

Front 75

if the past tense form of the verb, usually ending in --ed, --d, --en, --n, or --t. , is not preceded by the helper verb "have," then it is a

Back 75

verbal and functions as an adjective

Front 76

A verbal phrase

Back 76

a word group within a sentence that starts with a verbal.

Front 77

A noun cannot be the subject if..

Back 77

it is in a prepositional phrase

Front 78

Subject type : The cat chased the dog into the hall.

Back 78

-subject/verb

Front 79

Subject type : Vanessa, I need to go to town.

Back 79

-direct address `

Front 80

Subject type: Angel, buy some cod liver oil at the market.

Back 80

Implied "you"

Front 81

Subject type: To smoke everyday is not good for the lungs.

Back 81

-Infinitive subject

Front 82

Subject type: Smoking everyday is a bad idea.

Back 82

-gerund

Front 83

personal pronoun-

Back 83

-refers to a particular person or thing.

Front 84

Personalpronouns can change form...

Back 84

according to their function in a sentence. personal pronouns: subjective, objective, or possessive.

Front 85

Subjective pronouns-

Back 85

I he she it we you they who whoever

Front 86

Objective pronouns

Back 86

me him her it us you them whom whomever

Front 87

Possessive pronouns

Back 87

my mine his her hers its our ours your yours their theirs whose

Front 88

I or Me?

Back 88

Toby and ( I or me?) like pizza. [I like pizza; me cannot like pizza!] Toby and I like pizza!The school sent my father and (I or me?) a letter.the school sent to me not the school sent to IThe school sent my father and me a letter.

Front 89

Who vs Whom

Back 89

when the pronoun is the subject of the clause, use who or whoever. when the pronoun is the object, use whom or whomever.