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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scalar |
Magnitude only |
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Vector |
Magnitude and direction |
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Velocity |
The rate of movement in a particular direction |
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Acceleration |
The rate of change in the velocity of an object |
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Force |
A push or pull on a body |
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Newton's First Law |
An object in motion or an object at rest will stay like that unless an outside force acts upon it |
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Newton's Second Law |
F=ma |
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Newton's Third Law |
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction (i.e. Forces come in pairs) |
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Newton's Principle |
All objects are gravitationally attracted to one another |
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Mass |
A measure of an object's resistance to motion |
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Two Kinds of Frictional Forces |
1. Static Friction- When the object does not move 2. Kinetic Friction- When the object is moving |
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Simple Harmonic Motion |
A spring at equilibrium experiences a gravitational force plus a restoring force |
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Four Primary Forces in Nature (from weakest to strongest) |
1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. Weak Nuclear 4. Strong Nuclear |
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Conservation of Linear Momentum |
The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant |
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Energy |
A measure of a system's capacity to do work |
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Kinetic Energy |
Energy due to motion |
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Potential Energy |
Energy due to an object's position or orientation |
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Law of Conservation of Energy |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another |
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Elastic Collision |
When two objects collide and bounce off of each other |
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Inelastic Collision |
When two objects collide and stick together |
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Four States of Matter |
1. Solids 2. Liquids 3. Gasses 4. Plasmas |
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Protons |
Reside in the nucleus and have a positive charge |
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Neutrons |
Reside in the nucleus and have no charge |
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Electrons |
Located around the nucleus and have a negative charge |
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Compounds |
Made up of various elements (water, carbon dioxide...etc)
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Pressure |
The force per unit area exerted on an object |
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Mass Density |
The amount of mass per unit volume of a material |
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Weight Density |
Weight per unit volume |
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Law of Fluid Pressure |
The pressure at any depth in a fluid at rest equals the weight of the fluid directly above it divided by the area of the object |
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Standard Temperature and Pressure |
1 atmosphere at 0 degrees Celsius |
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Buoyant Force |
Upward force exerted on an object that partly or completely immersed in it |
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Three different temperature scales |
1. Fahrenheit 2. Celsius 3. Kelvin |
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Three things Thermal Expansion of a Material depends on |
1. The original length 2. The change in temperature 3. The substance it is made of |
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Two ways to increase the temperature of a substance |
1. Expose it to a higher temperature 2. Do work on it |
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
The change in the internal energy of a substance equals the work done on it plus the heat transferred to it |
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Three ways to transfer heat |
1. Conduction- physical contact 2. Convection- fluid-like mixing 3. Radiation |
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Thermal Insulators |
Do not conduct heat well |
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Thermal Conductors |
Transfer heat very easily |
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Phase Transitions |
1. Melting -solid to liquid- increases internal energy 2. Boiling- liquid to gas- increases internal energy 3. Condensation- gas to liquid- decreases internal energy 4. Freezing- liquid to solid- decreases internal energy |
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Latent Heat of Fusion |
Amount of internal energy required to go from a solid to a liquid or vice versa |
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Latent Heat of Vaporization |
Amount of internal energy required from a liquid to a gas and vice versa |
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Carnot Efficiency |
The maximum efficiency a heat engine can obtain |
