Midterm Emotion Study Guide Part 3

Front 1

ecological validity (Critiques of universal emotional expression)

Back 1

emotions are expressed in great detail making it easier for others to notice them

Front 2

Forced choice critique (Critiques of universal emotional expression)

Back 2

provide participants who identify the emotion with only a few choices

Front 3

Gradient Critique (Critiques of universal emotional expression)

Back 3

emotional expressions are not equally recognizable across cultures

Front 4

Cross Cultural Universal expression of embarrassment and pride

Back 4

Embarrassment: may touch face and neck and turn head to the left

Pride: chin up, arms placed on hips

Front 5

Appeasement

Back 5

"my bad" signals

embarrassment is appeasement, signs of appeasement shown in embarrassment

a physical method of showing other people you made a mistake

Front 6

Emotions people can judge in the voice

Back 6

People can judge: anger, sadness, happiness, tenderness, and fear in the voice to a 70% rate within their own culture

Front 7

Anxiety example (Emotions people can judge in the voice)

Back 7

muscles around the lungs tense

airflow to the larynx is reduced

voice pitch becomes less varied

lips tighten up

less saliva

Front 8

The main divisions in the autonomic nervous system and their functions

Back 8

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic:

Determine digestion, blood flow, body temperature. They also define emotional reactions to certain things like: defense, sex, aggression

Front 9

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system functions (The main divisions in the autonomic nervous system and their functions)

Back 9

Sympathetic: increases heart rate, increases body temperature, increases blood pressure removes blood flow from the stomach to do strenuous activity

Parasympathetic: Reduces heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and pushes blood to the stomach. Wants to calm you down.

Front 10

Walter cannon's criticisms of (James sympathetic nervous system = emotion) theory

Back 10

Jame's approach would take 15-30 seconds to reveal emotion, but emotions happen much faster.

eg: autonomic body reaction gives same reaction to fever as to love.

eg: blush happens 15 seconds after embarrassment

bottom line: emotions must start in the brain, not the body.

Front 11

Schacter and Singer's two factor theory of emotion/experiment

Back 11

A shot of adrenaline called a "new vitamin" was given to patients who then claimed they felt an emotional response and attributed it to whatever was going on.

eg: "I feel nervous"

"why?"

"because I don't like lab coats and you're wearing one"

- really just raised in arousal

Front 12

Shaver's response to the two factor theory of emotion

Back 12

These people may have already been feeling an emotion, and then the raised autonomic response caused them to feel it more noticeably or to an uncomfortable level.

It wasn't the autonomic response that caused it, it was the already appraised emotion being intensified noticeably by the participant.

Front 13

Main findings of Levenson, Ekman, and Friesen's directed facial action task

Back 13

Directed facial action task: people made to make a face that relates to an emotion. then asked if they feel an emotion, they usually report that emotion.

Front 14

Main findings of Levenson, Ekman, and Friesen's directed facial action task examples 1 and 2

Back 14

Example 1: wrinkle nose, open mouth and stick out tongue, raise lip

- how do you feel?

- disgusted

Example 2: put pencil in mouth, raise sides of mouth

- how do you feel?

- happy

Front 15

positive emotions and vagal tones

Back 15

People who have positive emotional coaching parents tend to have higher vagal tones, whcih are a reaction to the autonomic nervous systems effect on tone.

Front 16

Main findings of Gottman study of marital interactions in the lab

Back 16

hypothesis: marital interactions and how people resolve them can determine failure or success

defensiveness, criticism, contempt, and stonewalling are the most common worse methods for arguing

diagreements aren't bad it's how you solve them that matters

5 to 1 ratio = success

1 to 1 ratio = failure