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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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emission spectrum |
the energy emitted when an electron moves into a higher orbital and then returns to a stable state E2-E1 |
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absorption spectrum |
occurs when an electron is excited to another orbital and emits a photon of specific energy when it returns |
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how are energy level quantized? |
by orbitals; putting energy into an atom can knock electrons from an inner orbital to an outer orbital, and when the electron returns the energy emitted can be measured |
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stability of orbitals |
filled > half-filled > empty >>> partially filled |
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ionization potential |
how much energy does it take to remove an electron; make it an ion; how much is an element willing to give up an electron ionization will proceed until an element has an inert gas configuration |
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which group in the periodic table has the highest ionization potential? |
noble gasses - they don't bond with any element, are stable |
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covalent character |
how willing an element is to share its electrons - alkali metals want to get rid of electrons and bond ionically |
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lithophile |
wants to go into earth's crust, silicate liquid |
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siderophile |
wants to go into iron liquid |
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chalcophile |
wants to go into sulphide liquid |
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atmophile |
gas phase, noble gases |
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high field strength elements |
high charge to size ratio: Nb, Hf, Zr, Ta, Th |
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lanthanides |
rare earth elements, +3 charge, gets smaller with increased atomic number |
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substitution of elements in geochemical systems depends on |
charge of ion ionic radius size bond type |
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why understand redox geochemistry? |
- redox gradients drive life processes and geosphere - reflects metal mobility |
