Midterm

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500BC-300BC

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Classical Antiquity - Greece

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100BC-AD200

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Classical Antiquity - Rome

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AD315 AD400-11th c.

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Early Christian / Byzantine

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AD10/11th – 14th c.

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Romanesque

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12th – late 14th

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Gothic – Early / High

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1400-1450 / 1500

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Renaissance - Early / High

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Temple in Antis

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2 columns between extended wall (in front of temple)

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PROSTYLE

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Row of 4 columns set as pro before the building itself. Before the hall in front of the hall.

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AMPHI-PROSTYLE

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4 columns in front of and behind temple; portico at both front and rear

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PERIPTERAL

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Continuous columns surrounding temple/building

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DIPTERAL

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Referring to a temple surrounded by a double range of columns (like peripteral, but with 2 rows)

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CELLA

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The body and main sanctuary of a temple, surrounded by walls.

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NAOS

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Similar to Cella; principal area that contains the statue.

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PRONAOS

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The porch in front of the cella formed by the projection of the side walls and a range of columns.

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METOPES

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Decorations on exterior portico, in the frieze of a Doric order

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THOLOS

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Greek version of circular building (like Bramante's Tempietto)

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BARREL VAULT

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Extended arch; creates arched tunnel.

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GROIN (CROSS) VAULT

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Crossing arches; when two barrel vaults intersect

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ROSE WINDOW

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Large, circular window with patterns arranged in radial patters; found in Gothic facades

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TRABEATED

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An architectural sytem using a horizontal beam over supports, as opposed to an arched or arcuated system; synonymous with post and lintel

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ARCUATED

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Form of construction using arches

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ACROPOLIS (General Definition)

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Upper citadel of a Greek city, usually the site where temples are located

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AGORA (General Definition)

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Open space or marketplace

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AMBULATORY

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A semicircular or polygonal passageway around the apse of a church

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CLERESTORY

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Part of a building that rises above adjoining rooftops and is pierced by window openings to admit light into the interior (commonly found in Gothic gallery)

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COFFERING

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Recessed panels, square or polygonal, that ornament a vault, ceiling, or underside of an arch

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COLONNETTE

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A small or greatly attenuated, slender column

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CORNICE

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The uppermost, projecting portion of an entablature; also the crowning horizontal molding of a building or wall

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DENTIL

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A small toothlike block used in series in the corona of a cornice

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ENGAGED COLUMN

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A column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded within a wall.

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ENTABLATURE

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The upper part of a Classical order comprising architrave, frieze, and cornice

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ENTASIS

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The slight swelling of the vertical profile of a Classical column as it tapers toward the top to counteract the illusion of concavity that accompanies straight-sided columns

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GALLERY

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An upper story projecting from the interior wall of a building, or placed above the aisles of a church

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HEXASTYLE

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Having six columns across the front

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MEGARON

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Originally hall of king, developed into Greek temple plan.

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NAVE

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The central, longitudinal space of a basilican church, separated from the aisles or from the aisles or from the side chapels, and extending from the main entrance to the transept or to the apse

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OCTASTYLE

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Classical temple with 8 columns; or eight-columned portico

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OCULUS

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Round window (like the one at the top of the dome of the Pantheon)

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PEDESTAL

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A supporting substructure for a column or a statue

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PERISTYLE

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A continuous colonnade around a courtyard or around the exterior of a building.

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PIER

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A massive vertical support often rectangular in plan (different than column)

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PILASTER

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A column in flattened, rectangular shape, projecting slightly from the face of the wall

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PILLAR

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A pier

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PORTICO

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An open, colonnaded, roofed space serving as a porch before the entrance to a building

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PROPYLAEUM

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A monumental entrance gateway to a temple precinct (like at the Acropolis)

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RUSTICATION

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Masonry with massive, strongly textured, or rough-hewn blocks and sharply sunk joints, distinguished from smooth ashlar

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STOA

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Long narrow building with an open colonnade; detached colonnade or portico (use as marketplace in Agora)

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STYLOBATE

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Continuous platform of masonry on which a colonnade rests

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PSEUDOPERIPTERAL

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Free-standing columns in front; engaged columns along sides

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TETRASTYLE

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4 columns in front of temple

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DEKASTYLE

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10 columns in front of temple

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CARYATID

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A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

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Carolingian

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late 8th and 9th centuries