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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the movements at the three major boundary types (divergent, convergent, tranform)
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Divergent- plates are moving away from eachother
Convergent- The plates are colliding Tranform- plates are sliding past eachother horizontally |
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List two reasons why scientists believe that Loihi is an active volcano, even though no one has ever seen it erupt?
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1.) there were frequent earthquakes in the vicinity
2.) There are hydrothermal vents on the summit |
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What topographic seafloor feature is probably created by turbidity currents?
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Submarine canyons
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Three possible causes of turbidity currents
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Earthquakes
Hurricanes Heavy sediment loading from rivers |
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Three medicinal uses for coral reefs
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Mending bones
easing childbirth extending the lives of AIDS patients |
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Atoll reef, fringing reef, barrier reef
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Atoll- a ring of coral which surrounds a seamount
Fringing- directly adjacent to land Barrier- separated from the land by a lagoon |
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At what depth in the ocean is the sofar channel?
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1000 meters
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How does the speed of sound in the sofar channel compare to the speed of sound above and below?
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Its slower than the speed above and below
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How does a decrease in temp. affect the speed of sound in water
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slower speed
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How does a decrease in pressure affect the speed of sound in water?
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slower speed
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How much faster does sound travel in water compared to its speed in air?
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5 times faster
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How do sound waves bend when they encounter a region of higher velocity?
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they bend away from regions of higher velocity
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What is the purpose of schooling in regards to echolocation?
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From a far enough distance, a school of small fish can appear as one large animal, which the predator may choose not to approach.
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What percentage of seater is H20?
What percentage is dissolved substances? |
96.5% H20
3.5% Dissolved substances |
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What is the source region for sodium in water?
What is the source region for chloride in water? |
The sodium comes from the erosion of continental rocks and is brought to the ocean by rivers
the chloride comes from outgassing by volcanoes and is brought to the ocean by rain |
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Why wont we find large deposits of solid salt as bottom sediments in the open ocean?
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The formation of salt requires the evaporation of most of the water
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What type of setting is most likely to preserve thick layers of salt deposits?
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Shallow salty sea in a warm climate
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What category of marine sediments would salt deposits belong in?
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Hydrogenous
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Where are most of the worlds desalination plants located?
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The Middle East
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Most of the fresh water used by humans is used for what purpose?
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Irrigation of crops
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What percentage of global desalination occurs in the US?
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10% mostly in CA and FLA
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Describe how an animal might increase its drag resistance to avoid sinking into deeper water?
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By having gelatinious or feathery appendages
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List three ways an organism could avoid sinking into deeper water?
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Increase buoyancy by containing gases or fats
Swimming Attach themselves to another floating object |
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Why do animals prefer to move just below the surface layer during the day, and come up to the surface at night?
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Because the darkness of deeper water protects them from predators during the day, and they come to the surface at night to feed
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What porportion of the ocean is contained within the surface layer?
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2%
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Why do icebergs floating around in the Artic region cause much greater navigational hazards than icebergs floating around Antartica?
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Icebergs in the Arctic region float into well used shipping lanes, and Anatartic icebergs are so far from shipping lanes that they rarely cross paths with ships
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What was the Titanics major claim to fame?
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Largest movable object ever made by man
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What North Atlantic organization was established after the Titanic to avoid a similar catastrophe?
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The Ice Patrol
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How can the sofar channel be used to indicate that the oceans are warming?
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Increasing temperatures would increase the speed of sound.
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What nutritional deficiency is associated with "goiters"?
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Iodine
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What gland is unusually swollen in a person with "goiters"
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The thyroid gland
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