Midterm 2 Emotion Study Guide Part 1

Front 1

Number of Neurons in typical adult human brain

Back 1

100 billion connected to thousands of other ones

Front 2

Maclean's tripartlite model of the mammalian brain

Back 2

reptilian: stream of movement (basic)

paleomammalian: emotions (limbic system)

neomammalian: (Cerebral and new cortex) cognition

Front 3

What do mammals do that reptiles do not?

Back 3

nursing, caregiving, vocal signaling, play

Front 4

Cummingham at al. 2004 evidence regarding function of the amygdala (STUDY)

Back 4

amygdala responds to emotion inducing experience regardless of negativity or positivity of experience

Participants had FMRI scans done while experiencing negative or positively valenced words (love, hate, abortion, etc.)

-intense words caused activation in amygdala, this was controlled by whether the person was a positive or negative person (what words grabbed them)

Front 5

Naomi Eisenberg Dorsal Region of anterior cingulate
(ANTERIOR CINGULATE and what it does part 1)

Back 5

Region in prefrontal cortex that:

acts as an alarm system, and tells the difference between a person's goals and what they're experiencing

Front 6

Naomi Eisenberg Dorsal Region of anterior cingulate
(ANTERIOR CINGULATE and what it does part 2)

Back 6

(BECAUSE OF THE DORSAL REGION) Removing it:

stops social, and physical pain, as well as the desire for and the ability to engage in or receive empathy from others

Front 7

Naomi Eisenberg Dorsal Region of anterior cingulate
(ANTERIOR CINGULATE STUDY)

Back 7

Virtual Ball tossed between two people

then two other players stop passing

this leads to the activation of the dorsal region and the anterior cingulate cortex, causing a feeling of social rejection

Front 8

Area of brain involved in emotional regulation (evidence/study)

Back 8

Prefrontal Cortex: amygdala sends emotion to cortex, then cortex figures out how to deal with the incoming information

Evidence: J.S. had damage to orbitofrontal cortex,

- had issues regulating emotions, had extreme reactions to small things, and were very inappropriate.

Front 9

The two kinds of Appraisals

Back 9

Primary and Secondary:

Primary: goal relevance: does it have to do with what you want?

Secondary: goal congruence: Does it disagree or agree with what you want?

Front 10

After primary and secondary appraisal (action tendency)

Back 10

Action tendency: how do you deal with it? What set of emotions are activated in reaction to it?

Front 11

Murphy and Zajonc: studies of the effects of subliminally presented facial expressions on liking for novel stimulus

Back 11

Exposed to subliminal happy and angry faces

Chinese ideograph is shown afterwards

Then they rate how much they liked the ideograph and liked it more or less depending on which face they had been unconsciously shown

Front 12

Buddhist Monks and Left/Right hemispheres study

Back 12

Buddhist monks left and right brain activity monitored during interactions
- had high at rest difference between left and right brain

left= positive, right = negative

Front 13

Oxytocin and Monogamous bonding in prairie voles STUDY

Back 13

Oxytocin produces bonding behavior, reduces anxiety, and makes social contact pleasant.

STUDY:

compared praire voles (pair bonding) and montane voles (not bonding)

Pair bonding: when injected with oxytocin depressants show no pair bonding, prevents maternal care.

increased oxytocin: decreases aggression in females, as well as increasing prosocial behavior in males and females

Front 14

Lazarus Model of the Appraisal Process

Back 14

Goal relevance?

yes: emotion

no: no emotion

For emotion response: is it goal congruent?

yes: positive emotion, happiness, pride, love

no: negative emotion, fear, anxiety, sadness