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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do some goals become unattainable? |
- Change of circumstances - goal conflict - too many goals |
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What is goal disengagement? |
Reduction of effort and goal commitment |
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What does reduction of effort mean in comparison to reduction of goal commitment? |
- trying less or stopping goal-striving effort is reduction of effort whereas reduction of goal commitment is reducing the importance that is attached to the goal |
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An open minded way of thinking to consider the desirability and feasibility of a range of possible goals that one might or might not pursue...is an example of a implemental or deliberative mindset? |
Deliberative- what do i want to do? Do i have what it takes? how attainable is this goal? |
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What is the other type of mindset? |
Implemental- post decisional closed minded thinking that considers info related to goal attainment and shields against non-goal-related considerations |
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Goal setting is to ___________ as Goal striving is to _____________ |
Deliberative Implemental |
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are the following attributes deliberative or implemental? - planning and action to attain the goal |
Implemental |
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What are characteristics of a deliberative mindset? |
Goal deliberation and formulation of what to do - what would u like to do? - which goal is to be chosen - making a choice basically |
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What is the predecisional phase comprised of? |
deliberating which of their wishes they prefer to pursue based on feasibility and desirability |
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what stage comes after the predecisional phase? |
Making a decision and the preactional phase |
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What is the preactional phase? |
planning, outlining steps to complete goal |
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next is the action initiation and actional phase.. What is this about? |
How committed one is to implementing steps and goals |
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Goal achievement and postactional phase is? |
Determining whether the goal was achieved or what the outcome was - |
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What are some questions u ask urself in the postactional phase? |
was the value i got what i expected? was it worth it? evaluate the need for disengagement or reengagement |
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In regards to mindfulness what is clarity of awareness? |
clear awareness of ones inner and outer worlds including emotions, thoughts, actions or surroundings in the environment at any given moment |
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How can we describe nonconceptual and nondiscriminatory awareness? |
direct contact with reality that characterizes clear awareness |
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What is it called when we use our perspective like a zoom lens and move back from particular states of mind to gain a larger perspective on what is taking place? |
Flexibility and awareness |
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Whats a simpler way to describe the characteristic flexibility and awareness? |
selectively focussing attention toward a stimulus or phenomena |
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What does and empircal stance towards reality mean?(characteristic of mindfulness) |
a postponement of judgement till a careful examination of facts has been made - awareness of experience while being immersed in it |
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What is present oriented consciousness? |
Mind is capable of mental time travel, between memories and fantasizing of the future, however, need to focus on being in the present |
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how is stability and continuity of attention and awareness beneficial? |
Helps to eliminate opportunities for concepts, ideas and associated emotions to be tacked onto facts and ideas - helps keep an awareness of what is currently taking place - helps ensure that attention can move from narrow focus to broad vista |
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So what is mindfulness? |
noticing what is present, including that one is no longer present |
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What is incongruity? |
A miss match between ones ideal and actual self |
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True or false.... incongruity is motivating? |
True |
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What is a discrepancy? |
present state vs ideal state mismatch |
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What is discrepancy reduction? |
discrepancy detecting feedBACK- some tells u that u r not performing well enough - negative feedback loop - plan based corrective motivation |
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What is discrepancy creation? |
FeedFORWARD system- looking into the future and proactively setting a higher goal - positive feedback loop - goal setting motivation |
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What is cognitive dissonance? |
When beleifs about who the self is and what the self does are inconsistent - believing one thing and behaving in the opposite |
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Using the cognitive dissonance example of a pro-environmentalist women in the text what would be a way she could reduce the importance of the dissonant belief? |
justifying her driving but saying that her driving will have no impact on the environment and that factories do way more damage |
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Using the same example from the text what could the women do to add a new consonant belief? |
beleive that there is a great advantage to her driving to work such as the fact that it is enjoyable and usfeul and perhaps that science is workingon a way to fix these problems |
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What is self-concept? |
An individual's mental representation of themself |
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What constructs a self concept? |
experiences and reflections of those experiences- either they went well or not or whatever |
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What is a self schema and how does it differ from a self concept? |
cognitive generalization of the self but in a specific domain due to past experience where as self concept is a collection of domain specific schemas, self schema is one domain specific category that u critique urself with eg. i am good at athletic but not as good in academics= self schema |
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What happens when u have low self-schema and receive discrepant feedback? |
it instigates self-schema change - conflict btw uncertain self-schema and discrepant feedback instigates a crisis self-verification |
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Why do people look for cognitive self-verification feedback? |
because people seek to know themselves and if they are true to who they are |
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why do we seek epistemic self-verification? |
verifications of the self strengthen perceptions that the world is predictable and coherent |
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Pragmatic concerns of self-verifications? |
We seek to interact with people we know we what we can expect from them |
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What is a promotion mindset? |
when a person focuses on advancement - sensitive to positive outcomes - approaches possibilities of gain |
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What is a prevention mindset? |
focus on security needs - goals seen as obligations, responsibilities - sensitivity to negative outcomes - focus on preventing losses |
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What is the ought self-guide? |
What others beleive u should or must or have to be or do |
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3 reasons a goal may become unattainable? |
Too many goals Change of circumstances Goal conflict |
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What is goal disengagement? |
Reduction in effort and goal commitment |
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what are the 4 aspects of goal disengagements? |
Cognitive Affective Motivational |
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explain the 4 aspects of goal disengagement |
Cognitive- clearing intrusive thoughts from memory Affective- downregulation of unwanted feelings Motivational- rejection of explicit goals that are incompatible with implicit motives Behavioural- switch to new activities |
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What are approach goals? |
monitoring and adjusting behaviour to achievement fuelled by positive emotion and focusing on positive outcomes |
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What is an avoidance goal? |
Focusing on preventing a negative outcome - more stress and anxiety - harder to monitor achievement - more likely to turn to excuses when self-control fails - more pathways to fail at |
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What are disadvantages of excuses? |
Social disharmony- people stop trusting u undermine self-control abilities and confidence reduced perceptions of control- u dont really have the abilities u thought u did |
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What are the 3 self-regulation problems that go along with goal striving? |
- Getting started - Persisting - Resuming- after an interuption |
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Why do implementation intentions work? |
- They link a behaviour to a situational cue - Directs attention toward goal-oriented action - Help anticipating forthcoming difficulties |
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How does automatization related to implementation intentions? |
Using these intentions that u have created lead to building of a habit and it slowly becomes automatic. - environmental cue will initiate behaviour - conscious to unconscious |
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Briefly describe the rubicon model? |
Predec phase- how likely is it u will achieve ur goal-- followed by a decision Postdec- forming intentions followed by action initation actional phase- working towards the goal followed by postactional postactional- evaluating disengagement or reengagement |
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what is a deliberative mindset? |
open minded way to consider feasibility and desirability of possible goals to engage in |
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What is an implemental mindset? |
Closed minded way of thinking that only pertains to retreivng and considering info related to ur goal attainment |
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Why is mindlessness efficient? |
bc it would be tiresome to always be thinking of everything ur doing |
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What is mindfullness? |
present-centered attention and awareness - focussing on the here and now - see more and more clearly |
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What are the characteristics of mindfulness? |
- Clarity of awareness - Nonconceptual, non-discriminatory - Flexibility of awareness and attention - empirical stance toward reality - present oriented consciousness - stability or continuity of attention and awareness |
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If u r focussing on what is going on outside and inside of u without blocking or ignoring anything and just accepting everything objectively that is what characteristic r displaying? |
clarity of awareness |
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if u r being aware of everything happening but choosing what to pay attention to what characteristic r exhibiting?
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flexibility of awareness and attention |
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If we are focussing on not mentally time travelling and focussig on the present what characteristic is this? |
Present oriented awareness |
