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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allergies |
any adverse reaction to normally harmless substance involving IGE antibodies Atopy- genetic tendency to develop classic allergy disease (asthma, food allergy) anaphylaxis- circulatory problems by dilation of blood vessels in body- sudden drop in bp |
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hygiene hypo |
cleanliness under-developing immune system causing hyper reaction to harmless bodies due to less microorganism challenges ex) children in Equator are less likely to develop allergies because their immune system is preoccupied with other things (parasites) |
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antibodies/immunoglobulins |
protein molecules that fight off pathogens and foreign substances in our body, produced opun first encounter with the body |
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IGE |
antibodies that the body creates to attack a foreign substance, causes the antibody-allergic reaction AAR causes symptoms although you can only have allergic reaction after 2 exposure neutralize specific intruders by binding to them- every interaction after this, binding occurs |
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classic allergic disease |
hay fever (seasonal), peennial allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, anaphylaxis atopic dermatitis---seen very early in life, Manifests on face, scalp, elbows |
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allergenic rhinitis |
hay fever/runny nose--caused by pollens 50% of people with hay fever will develop asthma the proteins in the pollen cause the reaction |
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animal allergies |
food intolerances are not allergic responses lactose enzyme missing and not able to connect lactose |
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contact dermatitis |
contact dependent skin reaction 2 type: 1) irritant (non-allergenic, not antibody dependent) ex) urushiol---poison oak, Japanese lacquer tree nickel--- due to metal, not protein black dye---phenylene diamine latex---trigger whole body reactions
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allergy attack |
immune system--mast cells (found in nose, throat, lungs, GI tract, eyes) antibodies (IGS) become attacked to mast cells--antibodies on mast cells cause degranuation --appear to explode as granules flood blood stream triggering inflammation |
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histamine |
found in mast cells in granules often binding of a substance to it's IGE antibody--causes most allergic symptoms vasodilators (cause toxic headache) |
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histamine receptors |
protein molecule in cells acting as locks for certain liguands (keys) acts on two parts 1 part fits in receptor, 2 part activates it |
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asthma |
caused by leukotrienes released by mast cell |
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Brands and Generic: Chlor-Tripolon |
first antihistamine side effect: drowsiness history: ligand (identical fitting part as histamine), different second part (domain), does not activate receptor |
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Brands and Generic: Piphenhydramine |
first generation antihistamine, now used as a sleep aid side effect: drowsiness |
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hismanal |
second generation antihistamine side effect: non-sedating, heart arrhythmia history: reacted with ketococanazol in antifungal meds---heart arrhythmia withdrawn from market |
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seldane |
2 generation antihistamine side effect--non sedating, heart arrhythmias Reacted w/ Ketoconazol in antifungal meds => HEART ARRYTHMIASWithdrawn from market => active form IDENTIFIED (enantiomers/2 stereoisomers) and removed the stereoisomer that reacted w/ Ketoconazol |
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Benadryl, diphenhydramine |
3 generation antihistamine treatment for anaphylaxis side effect: drowsiness |
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Epipen- adrenalin, Epinephrine |
Temp reverses anaphylaxis side effect---need treatment with benadryl, short half life |
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allegra |
3 generation antihistamine side effect- non sedating history- active form of seldane |
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chrotin/loratodin |
3 generation side effect-- non-sedating |
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zyretic and reactine |
3 generation cetirizine--active ingredient in both |
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sudafed |
decongestant, used for localized symptoms (runny nose etc) can be used to make meth contains pseudoephedrine-- ephedrine structurally similar to methamphetamine (banned in sports games) |
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beconase |
nasal decongestant--localized addictive, body gets used to having blood vessels in nose artificially constricted |
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rhinocart and flonase |
sterodial nasal spray decongestant |
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petadolex |
contains extract of butterbur decongestant--clinically efficacy in some studies |
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singulair, montekulast (MERCK) |
anti-leukotrnes used for allergic rhinitis as last resort effect for exercise induced asthma not for acute treatment, only long term control |
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ventrolin, abuteral |
asthma inhaler for acute asthma attacks immediately dilates bronchial tubes not long term |
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servant, salmeterol xinofoate |
non steroidal, similar to ventolin |
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flovent and plumicort |
steroidal inhaler for asthma--steroids are inflammatories long term not for acute attacks |
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advair, fluticasone propionate, salmetrol |
steroidal and anti-leukotrienes treatment not for acute |
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sodium cromoglycate intal |
asthma prophylaxis not used much anymore coats mast cells with SC and prevents release of histamine |
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pollinex |
allergy shot to prevent allergies, works for bee stings and hay fever a small dose of chemically modified allergin--body produced IGE instead of IGE thus histamine not released mast cells bound to IgG instead of IgE |
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histamine |
components released by stomach wall-binds to the receptors and releases HCI |
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GI Tract |
stomach--small intestine--large intestine stomach- HCI (acidic medium)- where carbs and proteins are digested small intestines--small-21 feet long, metabolizes facts, uses basic medium (alkaine) created by pancreas (neutralizes acid form stomach), pancreas delivers enzymes used to digest (sits between stomach and SI) |
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excess acid |
cause: eating too much, too fast, too spict, smoking, NSAID, stress (can cause increase in acid production) |
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proton acid pump |
proton pump--enzyme at cell membrane--recruits K + from inside the cell and ATP (adenosine triphosphate-- glucose--energy), Hydrogen ions (H+) from outside cell |
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ulcer |
bleeding and then perforated ucler 2 type: Gastric/peptic--excess acid, mostly in elderly, disease of stomach duodenal ulcer--small intestine (1 part, duodenum), mostly affects younger people, caused by pancreas not producing enough basic juices used to be thought to be incurable and caused solely by stress actually caused by H. Pylori bacterium--makes use of urea to survive in acidic environ--converts it to ammonia (basic) |
