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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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84) People with a high need for achievement prefer to set ________ goals.
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moderately difficult
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85) The theories of Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland are classified as ________ theories of motivation.
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need
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86) When a task is straightforward, a specific, high ________ goal results in higher performance than a do your best goal.
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performance
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87) Bob gives his employees clear instructions and training and then gives them feedback to improve their performance. In expectancy theory terminology, he is boosting ________.
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expectancy
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88) Two important components of employee engagement are ________ and absorption.
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attention
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89) Specific and challenging goals are most beneficial when they are accompanied by ongoing ________.
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feedback
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90) Research on employee engagement involved observations and interviews of summer camp counsellors and members of a(n) ________ firm.
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architectural
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91) General cognitive ability is a better predictor of performance for ________ jobs.
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complex
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92) After meeting with her sales manager, Susan began to break down her quarterly sales target into monthly and then weekly benchmarks, also known as ________ goals.
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proximal
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93) In more simple terms, employee engagement means being ________ at work and in the performance of one's work roles.
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psychologically present
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94) Participation can improve performance by increasing the ________ of the goals that employees adopt.
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difficulty
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95)
Clarence has been unable to establish friendly, supportive relationships at work. According to Alderfer's ERG theory, this may cause his ________ needs to become stronger.
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existence
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96)
Goal orientation has been found to be a stable ________.
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individual difference
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97)
According to David McClelland, a sales job is particularly suited to a person who is high in ________.
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need for achievement
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98)
________ refers to being engrossed in a role and the intensity of one's focus on his or her role.
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absorption
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99)
In collective cultures, equal rewards for all in spite of individual performance may be the preferred mode of compensation. This preference actually violates the prescriptions of ________ theory.
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equity
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100)
According to David McClelland, the most effective managers have a high need for ________.
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power
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101)
People experience ________ when they can employ and express themselves without fear of negative consequences to their self-image, status, or career
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psychological safety
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102)
________ motivation is self-applied and stems from a direct relationship between the person and the task.
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intrinsic
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103)
The text defines ________ as the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal.
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motivation
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104)
________ is the first and most basic level of emotional intelligence.
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- perception of emotions
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105)
Several recent surveys indicate that there is a deepening ________ among Canadian employees.
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disengagement
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106)
At his quarterly meeting, the sales rep met with his sales manager to discuss the next quarter and set the sales target. They both agreed on a number. This is the sales rep's ________ goal for the quarter.
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distal
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107)
Specific goals are goals that specify an exact level of achievement for people to accomplish in a particular ________.
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time frame
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108)
People experience ________ when there are incentives for them to engage, they receive a return on their investment, and they feel worthwhile, useful, valuable, and not taken for granted.
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psychological meaninfulness
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109)
Imagine workers who are underpaid on an hourly basis. According to equity theory, if these people remain employed their productivity will be ________.
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low
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110)
________ is the highest level of emotional intelligence.
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management of emotions
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111)
When a task is straightforward, a specific high performance goal results in ________ performance than a do your best goal.
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- higher or better
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112)
Lew's boss promised him more vacation days if he completed the project on time, but Lew said he just wasn't interested in vacation days. In expectancy theory terminology, Lew is talking about ________.
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valence or valence of a second level outcome
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113)
Both Maslow and ________ developed motivation theories that are hierarchical, meaning that one need must or might be filled before higher level needs can be filled.
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alderfer
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114)
Alice promises her employee a promotion if he can land a big contract. In expectancy theory terminology she is boosting ________.
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instrumentality
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115)
________ are process-oriented goals that enhance understanding of a task and the use of task strategies.
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learning goals
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116)
Belongingness needs in Maslow's hierarchy correspond most closely to ________ needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.
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relatedness
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117)
________ is a term used to refer to a person's basic information processing capabilities.
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general cognitive ability
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118)
Your coworkers must be engaged because they exhibit a high degree of ________ and absorption.
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attention
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119)
________ is particularly important in jobs that involve a lot of social interaction.
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emotional intelligence
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120)
The mechanisms of goal setting include direction, effort, persistence, and ________.
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- task strategies
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121)
People experience ________ when they feel they have the physical, emotional, and cognitive resources required to engage themselves in a situation.
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- psychological availability
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122)
Because of its flexibility, ________ is the motivation theory that seems to hold up well or translate best across cultures.
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- expectancy theory
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123)
When people are engaged, they employ and express themselves physically, ________, and emotionally during role performances.
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- cognitively
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124)
McClelland's need for ________ corresponds most closely to Alderfer's relatedness needs.
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- affiliation
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125)
________ refers to the amount of time one spends thinking about a role.
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- attention
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126)
The text defines ________ as the extent to which a member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization.
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performance
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127)
In Maslow's hierarchy, ________ needs fall between esteem needs and safety needs.
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- belongingness
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128)
If you have just started a new job and must perform a complex task, then your boss should set a specific high ________ goal.
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learning
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129)
A specific, high learning goal is more effective than a specific, high performance goal or a do your best goal when a task is ________ .
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- novel or complex
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130)
In the classic goal setting study conducted at Weyerhaeuser Company, truck drivers were assigned a specific, challenging ________ goal.
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performance
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131)
When individuals lack the knowledge or skills to perform a complex task effectively, a specific and challenging performance goal can ________ performance relative to a do your best goal.
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decrease
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132)
Equity theory and expectancy theory are two prominent ________ theories of motivation.
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process
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133)
A controversy exists as to whether the provision of ________ rewards for task performance might damage intrinsic motivation.
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extrinsic
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1)
What are the mechanisms of goal setting?
1)
_______
A) Goal specificity, participation, rewards, supportiveness. B) Direction, effort, persistence, feedback. C) Direction, effort, persistence, and task strategies. D) Goal specificity, challenge, commitment, and feedback. E) Goal specificity, challenge, effort, persistence. |
C
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2)
If Steve desires friendly and supportive supervision, he is trying to fulfill
2)
_______
A) his existence needs. B) his safety needs. C) any one of his needs, depending on which is operative. D) his growth needs. E) his relatedness needs. |
E
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3)
Which of the following is most likely to stimulate intrinsic motivation?
3)
_______
A) Close supervision B) Challenging job C) Company policies D) Generous fringe benefits E) High pay |
B
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4)
What is employee engagement?
4)
_______
A) the extent to which an individual immerses his or her true self into his or her work roles B) the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal C) the extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization D) the ability to understand and manage one's own and other's feelings and emotions E) motivation that stems from the direct relationship between the worker and the task |
A
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5)
Which theory of work motivation most explicitly involves a comparison with others?
5)
_______
A) Maslow B) Equity C) Alderfer D) Expectancy E) ERG |
B
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6)
According to equity theory, the overpaid worker
6)
_______
A) may reduce inputs to achieve equity. B) should not experience inequity. C) may reduce inputs and increase outcomes to achieve equity. D) may increase outcomes to achieve equity. E) may increase inputs to achieve equity. |
E
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7)
As a manager, you need to evaluate the performance of your employees. Stan seems to always be engrossed in his work and focused on what he is doing. Sue seems to spend a great deal of time thinking about her work. What can you say about each of these employees?
7)
_______
A) Stan is absorbed and Sue is attentive B) Sue is absorbed and Stan is attentive C) Sue is attentive and Stan is motivated D) Stan is motivated and Sue is attentive E) Stan is engaged and Sue is motivated |
A
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8)
Which of the following statements about motivation and performance is FALSE?
8)
_______
A) A person could be highly motivated and yet perform poorly. B) Motivation is defined as the extent to which workers contribute to achieving organizational objectives. C) A person could perform fairly well despite low motivation. D) General cognitive ability and emotional intelligence are important for motivation to be converted into performance. E) Task understanding is important for motivation to be converted into performance. |
B
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9)
Which of the following statements about persons with high need for achievement is least accurate?
9)
_______
A) High need achievers tend to set extremely difficult goals for themselves. B) High need for achievement can be acquired through training. C) High need achievers tend to excel in sales jobs. D) High need achievers prefer situations in which they can take personal responsibility for outcomes. E) High need achievers tend to seek out performance feedback. |
A
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10)
McClelland's need for affiliation is most closely related to (or an example of) Maslow's ________ needs.
10)
______
A) physiological B) self-actualization C) belongingness D) safety E) esteem |
C
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11)
From bottom to top, what is the correct order of Salovey and Mayer's model of emotional intelligence?
11)
______
A) Perception of emotions, integration and assimilation of emotions, knowledge and understanding of emotions, management of emotions. B) Management of emotions, knowledge and understanding of emotions, integration and assimilation of emotions, perception of emotions. C) Perception of emotions, management of emotions, knowledge and understanding of emotionsintegration and assimilation of emotions. D) Knowledge and understanding of emotions, perception of emotions, integration and assimilation of emotions, management of emotions. E) Perception of emotions, knowledge and understanding of emotions, integration and assimilation of emotions, management of emotions. |
A
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12)
Which motivation theory seems to translate across cultures best?
12)
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A) ERG theory B) McClelland's theory of needs C) Expectancy theory D) Equity theory E) Maslow's need hierarchy |
C
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13)
Which of the following is a good practical example of goal challenge?
13)
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A) Encourage a D student to set a goal of achieving Cs in the coming semester. B) Encourage a D student to set a goal of achieving Ds in the coming semester. C) Encourage a D student to set a goal of achieving Bs in the coming semester. D) It depends on the student. E) Encourage a D student to set a goal of achieving As in the coming semester. |
A
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14)
When will setting a specific learning goal be more effective than setting a high performance goal?
14)
______
A) when individuals have the knowledge and skills to perform the task effectively B) when the job is simple C) when the task is instrinsically motivating D) when the task is straightforward E) when the task is complex |
E
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15)
Research has found that emotional intelligence
15)
______
A) does not predict academic performance. B) does not predict job performance. C) predicts job performance and academic performance. D) predicts job performance but not academic performance. E) predicts academic performance but not job performance. |
C
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16)
What is the relationship between monetary incentives in goal setting and performance?
16)
______
A) Goal setting has led to performance increases without monetary incentives for goal accomplishment. B) Goal setting has led to performance decreases with monetary incentives for goal accomplishment. C) Goal setting only leads to performance increases when monetary incentives for goal accomplishment are provided. D) Goal setting has led to performance decreases when monetary incentives are not provided for goal accomplishment. E) It depends on the employees and the incentive. |
A
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17)
McClelland's need for affiliation is most closely related to Alderfer's ________ need.
17)
______
A) growth B) relatedness C) existence D) esteem E) resistance |
B
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18)
Which theory proposes a weak or flexible hierarchy of needs?
18)
______
A) ERG B) Adams C) Maslow D) Expectancy E) Equity |
A
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19)
Other things equal, which ERG theory need should be of particular interest in a highly collective culture?
19)
______
A) Safety B) Growth C) Resistance D) Existence E) Relatedness |
E
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20)
Goals that focus attention on the achievement of specific performance outcomes are called
20)
______
A) learning goals. B) performance goals. C) outcome goals. D) challenging goals. E) specific goals. |
B
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21)
According to Maslow, once an individual has fulfilled his or her belongingness needs, the ________ needs become motivating.
21)
______
A) relatedness B) esteem C) physiological D) safety E) affiliation |
B
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22)
You have two coworkers who you like to work with because they are hard workers. Sal says he works hard because of the pay and benefits. Trisha says she works hard because the job gives her feelings of achievement and accomplishment. What can you say about your two coworkers?
22)
______
A) Sal is engaged and Trisha is engaged B) Sal has extrinsic motivation and Trisha is engaged C) Sal has intrinsic motivation and Trisha is engaged D) Sal has extrinsic motivation and Trisha has intrinsic motivation E) Sal has extrinsic motivation and Trisha has extrinsic motivation |
D
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23)
In collective cultures it is often observed that groups favour an equality norm for reward allocation. Which theory's motivational premises does this norm most clearly contradict?
23)
______
A) ERG theory B) Equity theory C) Maslow's need hierarchy D) Expectancy theory E) McClelland's theory of needs |
B
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24)
According to the expectancy theory of motivation, if we find that employees don't like the rewards the firm offers, we are dealing with a problem of
24)
______
A) second-level outcomes. B) instrumentality. C) expectancy. D) first-level outcomes E) inputs. |
A
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25)
Maurice sees his organization's performance evaluation system as arbitrary, capricious, and unreliable. In motivational terms, this performance evaluation system has reduced
25)
______
A) the valence of second-level outcomes. B) the valence of first-level outcomes. C) expectancy. D) instrumentality. E) both levels of valence. |
C
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26)
Cassandra's boss has not had time to clearly explain her new job to her. According to expectancy theory, this should have a direct impact on
26)
______
A) instrumentality. B) second-level valence. C) first-level valence. D) relatedness. E) expectancy. |
E
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27)
In McClelland's theory of needs sales jobs are attractive to those high in need for ________, and management jobs are attractive to those high in need for ________.
27)
______
A) achievement, achievement B) power, achievement C) affiliation, power D) achievement, power E) achievement, affiliation |
D
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28)
Paul has a secure, well-paying, but boring job. He gets along well with his boss and his coworkers. Recently, he has put in a bid for several more interesting jobs that have opened up, but each time the job has been given to someone with more seniority. According to Alderfer's ERG theory Paul will probably
28)
______
A) press for higher pay. B) continue to pursue a more interesting job indefinitely. C) seek support and additional attention from his boss and co-workers. D) quit his job and leave the company. E) exhibit frequent absenteeism. |
C
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29)
A study on the career success of MBA graduates found that
29)
______
A) students with high general cognitive ability and high motivation were most successful. B) students with high motivation were most successful. C) students with high general cognitive ability and high emotional intelligence were most successful. D) students with high emotional intelligence and high motivation were most successful. E) students with high general cognitive ability were most successful. |
A
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30)
The consultant said to a client company "Look, you people offer the highest pay in the industry! If you tied it to performance you'd get some motivational punch." The consultant is saying that
30)
______
A) expectancy is low. B) second-level valence is low and instrumentality is low. C) second-level valence is low and instrumentality is high. D) expectancy is high. E) instrumentality is low and second-level valence is high. |
E
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31)
Self-determination theory seeks to determine whether a person's motivation is ________ or ________.
31)
______
A) need based, extrinsic B) valent, equitable C) valent, autonomous D) autonomous, controlled E) expectant, controlled |
D
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32)
Sandra is a sales rep working for a bottled water distribution company whose clients are large companies in her city. Each quarter she meets with her sales manager to jointly set a quarterly (3 month) sales target as well as create a road map of weekly goals to help her reach her quarterly numbers. Her quarterly sales benchmark is a ________ goal and the weekly targets are ________ goals.
32)
______
A) distal, proximal B) intrinsic, extrinsic C) automatic, guided D) proximal, distal E) distal, intrinsic |
A
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33)
According to equity theory, individuals compare themselves with others when determining if the company is treating them fairly. Which of the following comparisons is likely to happen?
33)
______
A) men tend to make equity comparisons with women. B) men tend to make equity comparisons with men. C) men tend to make equity comparisons with both men and women. D) women tend to make equity comparisons with men. E) none of the above. |
B
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34)
A person who is high in need for achievement will tend to favour ________ goals.
34)
______
A) fairly easy or very difficult B) moderately difficult C) very difficult D) fairly easy E) moderately easy |
B
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35)
Emotional intelligence is especially important in jobs
35)
______
A) at higher organizational levels. B) that involve manual tasks. C) that involve social interaction. D) that are complex. E) that involve mental tasks. |
C
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36)
If you are learning a complex task and you do not have the required knowledge and skills, what kind of goal will be most effective for you?
36)
______
A) specific high performance goal B) specific performance goal C) specific high learning goal D) specific and challenging performance goal E) do your best goal |
C
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37)
Which theory suggests that a social comparison process which affects perceived fairness can have an impact on motivation?
37)
______
A) Equity theory B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs C) ERG theory D) Need hierarchy theory E) McClelland's need theory |
A
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38)
According to Maslow, the ________ level ________ need is most motivational.
38)
______
A) highest, satisfied B) lowest unsatisfied C) lowest, satisfied D) highest, emotional E) highest, unsatisfied |
B
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39)
Research has found that general cognitive ability
39)
______
A) predicts learning and training success but not job performance. B) does not predict learning, training success, or job performance. C) predicts learning, training success, and job performance. D) predicts learning and job performance but not training success. E) predicts training success and job performance but not learning. |
C
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40)
Expectancy theory
40)
______
A) applies to nearly as many cultures as Maslow's need hierarchy. B) applies across cultures because of its flexibility. C) is most relevant to North America because of its rigid hierarchy. D) applies across cultures because it was formulated to be explicitly cross-cultural. E) is most relevant to the Western cultures because of its need-based philosophy. |
B
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41)
The manager who tells an employee, "I'll recommend you for a promotion if you implement the new system by January" is attempting to strengthen which expectancy theory component?
41)
______
A) Valence of second-level outcomes B) Needs C) Instrumentality D) Relatedness E) Expectancy |
C
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42)
Which of the following theories proposes that individuals have basic needs, which are associated with extrinsic motivation, and higher-order needs, which are associated with intrinsic motivation?
42)
______
A) Equity theory B) Goal setting theory C) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs D) Expectancy theory E) Valence theory |
C
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43)
If you have the physical, emotional, and cognitive resources required to engage yourself in your job then you have:
43)
______
A) psychological security B) psychological meaningfulness C) psychological safety D) psychological availability E) physiological safety |
D
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44)
You have just been hired to perform a job that you have done before and have the ability to perform effectively. What kind of goal should your boss set for you?
44)
______
A) a high performance goal B) a high learning goal and a low performance goal C) a specific learning goal D) a do your best goal E) a high performance goal and a high learning goal |
A
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45)
The ________ theory of motivation seeks to help a person understand whether their motivation is either autonomous or controlled.
45)
______
A) Expectancy B) Contingency C) Associative D) Self-determination E) ERG |
D
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46)
What step is the most basic level of emotional intelligence?
46)
______
A) It depends on the situation. B) Knowledge and understanding of emotions. C) Management of emotions. D) Perception of emotions. E) Integration and assimilation of emotions. |
D
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47)
Research shows that participation in goal setting
47)
______
A) has no effect at all on performance or goal difficulty. B) can improve performance by lowering the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. C) can improve performance by increasing the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. D) can reduce performance by increasing the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. E) can reduce performance by lowering the difficulty of goals that employees adopt. |
C
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48)
According to equity theory, an underpaid individual would not ________ to achieve equity.
48)
______
A) perceptually distort his or her inputs or outcomes B) reduce his or her outcomes C) reduce his or her inputs D) perceptually distort the inputs or outcomes of a comparison person E) accept a job in another organization |
B
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49)
According to the expectancy theory of motivation, if we find that workers feel that they are unable to perform at a high level, we are dealing with a problem of
49)
______
A) second-level outcomes. B) relatedness. C) expectancy. D) valence. E) instrumentality. |
C
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50)
Being able to calm oneself when angry or lower the anxiety of another person is an example of
50)
______
A) management of emotions. B) perception of emotions. C) integration and assimilation of emotions. D) general cognitive ability. E) knowledge and understanding of emotions. |
A
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51)
Mike, a production worker, reports on a research questionnaire that high performance has a valence of 10, average performance a valence of 5, and low performance a valence of 1. Also, he reports that he is certain that he can perform at low or average levels but only 40 percent sure that he can perform at a high level. According to expectancy theory, at which level should Mike perform?
51)
______
A) High B) Low C) High if task complexity is low to moderate D) Average E) Instrumentalities are also needed to answer this question |
D
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52)
The extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization is called
52)
______
A) expectancy. B) extrinsic motivation. C) intrinsic motivation. D) effort. E) performance. |
E
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53)
Which of the following is most accurate concerning participation in goal setting?
53)
______
A) Participation in goal setting sometimes increases performance and sometimes it does not. B) Participation should never be used for goal setting in a climate of distrust between employees and management. C) Participation in goal setting never increases performance. D) Participation in goal setting almost always results in the setting of less difficult goals. E) Participation in goal setting always increases performance. |
A
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54)
According to the text, which of the following is not a basic characteristic or component of motivation?
54)
______
A) Direction B) Performance C) Effort D) Persistence E) Goals |
B
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55)
A person's overall capacity and efficiency for processing information is called
55)
______
A) performance. B) emotional intelligence. C) general cognitive ability. D) motivation. E) intelligence. |
C
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56)
Effort, persistence, and direction are basic components of
56)
______
A) motivation. B) attitude. C) performance. D) expectancy. E) equity |
A
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57)
Some researchers have argued that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are incompatible. By this, they mean that
57)
______
A) extrinsic rewards may decrease intrinsic motivation. B) intrinsic rewards may decrease extrinsic motivation. C) extrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than intrinsic rewards. D) when used in combination, they result in lower levels of performance. E) intrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than extrinsic rewards. |
A
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58)
Alderfer's existence needs correspond closely to Maslow's
58)
______
A) esteem needs. B) growth needs. C) self-actualization needs. D) belongingness needs. E) physiological needs. |
E
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59)
Which of the following is most accurate about the relationship between general cognitive ability and performance?
59)
______
A) General cognitive ability predicts performance only on manual tasks. B) General cognitive ability does not predict performance. C) General cognitive ability predicts performance only on mental tasks. D) General cognitive ability is a better predictor of performance for more complex tasks. E) General cognitive ability predicts performance to the same degree on all tasks. |
D
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60)
You have two good friends who are about to graduate and begin working full-time. Omar wants to open his own small business and Jason wants to be a social worker. According to McClelland's theory of needs, what are the needs of your friends?
60)
______
A) Omar has a high need for affiliation and Jason has a high need for power B) Omar has a high need for achievement and Jason has a high need for affiliation C) Omar has a high need for achievement and Jason has a high need for achievement D) Omar has a high need for power and Jason has a high need for achievement E) Omar has a high need for power and Jason has a high need for affiliation |
B
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61)
Which of the following is true about the classic goal setting study conducted at Weyerhaeuser Company?
61)
______
A) the results were achieved with driver participation B) drivers were assigned a specific challenging performance goal C) drivers were assigned a specific learning goal D) the results were achieved with monetary incentives E) the effects were short-lived |
B
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62)
Process-oriented goals that enhance understanding of a task and the use of task strategies are called
62)
______
A) strategy-oriented goals. B) learning goals. C) performance goals. D) process goals. E) task goals. |
B
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63)
If your goal in this course is to achieve a particular grade, what kind of goal have you set?
63)
______
A) A challenging goal. B) A proximal goal. C) A performance goal. D) A learning goal. E) An outcome goal. |
C
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64)
When people are engaged, how do they express themselves in the performance of their role?
64)
______
A) physically, cognitively, and emotionally B) emotionally, cognitively, and socially C) socially, politically, and emotionally D) physically, cognitively, and socially E) physically, socially, and emotionally |
A
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65)
If your job provides you with incentives and you feel worthwhile, useful, valuable, and not taken for granted, then you will experience:
65)
______
A) psychological availability B) psychological rewards C) intrinsic motivation D) psychological safety E) psychological meaningfulness |
E
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66)
When a task is novel or complex and individuals need to acquire new knowledge and skills for good performance, which of the following is most accurate?
66)
______
A) setting a high performance goal and a high learning goal will be most effective B) setting a specific learning goal will be most effective C) setting a do your best goal will be most effective D) setting a high performance goal will be most effective E) setting a high performance goal and a low learning goal will be most effective |
B
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67)
You have two friends who just started jobs after graduating. Tory says she spends a lot of time thinking about her job and she is engrossed in it. Rory says that his new job gives him feelings of achievement and accomplishment. What can you say about your two friends?
67)
______
A) Tory has intrinsic motivation and Rory has instrinsic motivation B) Tory has intrinsic motivation and Rory is engaged C) Tory is engaged and Rory has intrinsic motivation D) Tory is engaged and Rory is engaged E) Tory has extrinsic motivation and Rory has intrinsic motivation |
C
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68)
What factors contribute to people's engagement at work?
68)
______
A) meaningfulness, safety, attention B) meaningfulness, safety, availability C) meaningfulness, attention, absorption D) availability, attention, absorption E) safety, attention, absorption |
B
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69)
What are two important components of employee engagement?
69)
______
A) absorption and availability B) attention and absorption C) attention and availability D) attention and meaningfulness E) meaningfulness and safety |
B
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70)
How might equity theory explain employee theft?
70)
______
A) Low work outcomes B) High work expectancies C) Low need for achievement D) High work instrumentalities E) Low work inputs |
A
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71)
In expectancy theory, the valence of first-level outcomes is the sum of the product of
71)
______
A) second-level instrumentalities and expectancies. B) second-level valences and expectancies. C) second-level valences and instrumentalities. D) expectancies and instrumentalities. E) force and instrumentalities. |
C
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72)
Where did William Kahn study employee engagement?
72)
______
A) architectural firm and summer camp B) accounting firm and law firm C) accounting firm and summer camp D) law firm and summer camp E) accounting firm and architectural firm |
A
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73)
Two process theories of motivation include
73)
______
A) Equity and ERG. B) Maslow's Need Hierarchy and McClelland's theory of needs. C) Equity and Expectancy. D) Maslow's Need Hierarchy and Expectancy. E) Maslow's Need Hierarchy and ERG. |
C
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74)
After several months on your new job, you ask your manager how you are doing. She says, "You are always psychologically present" at work. What does she mean?
74)
______
A) you are high on intrinsic motivation B) you are high on general cognitive ability C) you are motivated D) you are emotionally intelligent E) you are engaged |
E
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75)
According to McClelland, which need profile characterizes the most effective managers?
75)
______
A) High achievement, low power B) High power, high affiliation C) Low affiliation, high achievement D) High achievement, high affiliation E) High power, low affiliation |
E
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76)
What is the performance impact of specific, challenging goals?
76)
______
A) weaker for simple jobs B) stronger for complex jobs C) stronger for simple jobs D) the same for all kinds of jobs E) weaker for complex jobs |
C
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77)
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a given worker at a given point in time is most motivated by
77)
______
A) self-actualization, because all persons seek to fulfill their highest potential. B) the highest level unsatisfied need. C) belongingness needs, because everyone needs some form of social interaction. D) the lowest level unsatisfied need. E) physiological needs, because these are most basic and important. |
D
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78)
"An interesting job that pays well" suggests that the job
78)
______
A) meets the motivational requirements of equity theory. B) is high in intrinsic motivation. C) is high in extrinsic but low in intrinsic motivation. D) is high in extrinsic motivation. E) is high in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. |
E
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79)
Alderfer differs from Maslow in that his ERG theory assumes
79)
______
A) a lower level need must be gratified before a less concrete need becomes operative. B) growth needs can be completely satisfied just as existence and relatedness needs can be. C) if higher level needs are strong but ungratified, individuals will increase their desire for the gratification of lower level needs. D) a rigid hierarchy of needs exists. E) the least concrete needs become more desired as they are fulfilled. |
C
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80)
If you have job in which you can employ and express yourself without fear of negative consequences to your self-image, status, or career, then you have:
80)
______
A) psychological availability B) psychological meaningfulness C) psychological security D) job security E) psychological safety |
E
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81)
Which of the following about the relationship between goals and performance is most accurate?
81)
______
A) when a task is novel, a specific challenging performance goal will increase performance B) when a task is straightforward, a specific learning goal can decrease performance C) when a task is straightforward, a specific learning goal will increase performance D) when a task is complex, a specific challenging performance goal can decrease performance E) when a task is complex, a specific learning goal can decrease performance |
D
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82)
The ability to accurately identify emotions in people's faces and nonverbal behaviour is an example of the
82)
______
A) knowledge and understanding of emotions. B) integration and assimilation of emotions. C) perception of emotions. D) management of emotions. E) diagnosis of emotions. |
C
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83)
Al told his friends that "the job makes me feel good about myself. I feel a real sense of accomplishment at the end of the day." Al is probably
83)
______
A) fulfilling his relatedness needs on the job. B) extrinsically motivated. C) experiencing inequity. D) intrinsically motivated. E) self-actualized. |
D
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