Midterm 1 (Lecture Slides)

Front 1

What is health?

Back 1

-a complete state of well-being

-NOT merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

-This state of optimum health is called "wellness"

Front 2

What are the areas of focus in health psychology?

Back 2

1. health promotion and maintenance

2. prevention and treatment illness

3. etiology (causes) & correlations of health, illness & dysfunction

4. improving the health care system and formulating health policy

Front 3

things health psychology is devoted to understanding

Back 3

-how people stay healthy

-why people become ill

-when people respond when they do become ill

-promotion and maintenance

-prevention and treatment of illness

-etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction

-improvement of the health care system and the formation of health policy

Front 4

health care services

Back 4

-largest service industry in the U.S.

-health psychologists mainly emphasizing on prevention has the potential of reducing health care costs

Front 5

2 models of care

Back 5

-biomedical

-biopsychosocial

Front 6

Biomedical model

Back 6

-very reductionistic

-focus on the illness

-all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes

Front 7

BioPsychoSocial

Back 7

-focus on the system and interplay

-wholistic and integrative

Front 8

What are health behaviors?

Back 8

-behaviors to enhance or maintain their health

Front 9

What are health habits?

Back 9

-firmly established, performed automatically

-health habits begin in childhood, stablize ages 11 or 12

-poor habits become ingrained and difficult to change

Front 10

4 ways to change health behaviors

Back 10

-socialization

-teachable moment

-window of vulnerability

-early identification

Front 11

socialization

Back 11

-when you are with a healthy person, you are also influenced to be health

Front 12

teachable moment

Back 12

-moments in life you are receptive to learn

-eg, at dentist you learn to brush more

Front 13

window of vulnerability

Back 13

-at certain time, people are more vulnerable to certain healthy problems

-eg, car accidents

Front 14

health promotion

Back 14

-changing behavior at multiple levels

Front 15

4 individual-oriented models

Back 15

-health belief model

-theory of reasoned action/planned behavior

-cognitive behavioral/social cognition theories

-stages of change/transtheoretical model

Front 16

health belief model

Back 16

1. perceived susceptibility of a problem and perceived seriousness of consequences of problem

2. Perceived benefits of specific action; perceived barrier to taking action

3. perceived threat

4. outcome expectations

5. Self-efficacy (perceived ability to carry out recommended action)

Front 17

planned action

Back 17

-attitude

-subjective norm

-perceived behavioral control

-intention

-behavior

Front 18

stages of change model/transtheoretical model

Back 18

-pre-contemplation

-contempation

-preparation

-action

-maintenance

-relapse

Front 19

determinants of performing health-enhancing behaviors

Back 19

-if schedules are erratic, motivation wanes

-individual characteristics: gender, health history, social support, self-efficacy and motivation (eg, being athletic)

-characteristics of the setting: convenient and accessible settings predict adherence

Front 20

cancer-related health behaviors

Back 20

-breast cancer

-testicular cancer

-early detection is key

-melanoma (skin cancer)

Front 21

resistance to modifying diet

Back 21

-appearance > health

-maintaining is difficult: hard to alter diet

-stress on eating:

Front 22

Behaviors that share a window of vulnerability in adolescence

Back 22

-drinking to excess

-smoking

-illicit drug use

-unsafe sex

-risk-taking behaviors