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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much Water falls in the north (rainfall + snow pack)? |
3/4 of state water |
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What percent of people live in the southern part of California? |
80% |
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What solves the issue of all the water up north and all the people down south? |
Move water around |
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Where does the Los Angeles area receive water from? |
Nothern california via CA aqueduct
Colorado river, via Colorado river Aqueduct
Owens Valley, via Los angeles aqueduct |
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Where does the San Francisco-Bay area receive water from? |
Northern California via North Bay Aqueduct
Bay-Delta, Via natural flows
Sierra Nevada mountains, via Mokelumne Aqueduct and Hetch-Hetchy Aqueduct |
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Volume = |
Depth x Area |
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Amount = |
Rate x Time |
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Application rate (in/hr) = |
(flow rate (GPM) x 96.3) / area (sq-ft) |
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Efficiency= |
net/gross x 100 = output/input x 100 |
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Irrigation Efficiency (IE) |
an annual assessment, or a time period long enough that the ultimate fate of water stored in the root zone is known
IE (%) = 100 x IW beneficially used / (Total IW applied - Change in stored IW)
DO NOT CONSIDER RAINFALL! |
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Application Efficiency (AE) |
For individual irrigation events
AE (%) = 100 x (IW contributing to the target for the irrigation) / total IW applied |
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Beneficial use |
An irrigation water that serves an agronomic purpose, THAT BENEFITS THE CROP BEING GROWN |
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Non-beneficial use |
an irrigation water that does not benefit the CROP being grown
benefiting environment is considered non-beneficial |
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Evapotranspiration (ET) |
most significant beneficial use of irrigation water
the sum of plant transpiration (T) and evaporation (E) from wet plant and soil surfaces |
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Leaching Requirement (LR) |
Second most significant beneficial use of irrigation water
The amount of water necessary to leach salts from the root zone
expressed as a fraction: the fraction of applied irrigation water used for leaching purposes |
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Examples of beneficial uses |
climate control (crop cooling (prolong dormancy and protect from heat) and frost protection)
Softening the soil to aid germination
water to germinate weed seeds during preplant
ET of windbreaks
ET of cover crops to provide habitat for beneficials or enhance crop quality. |
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Examples of non-beneficial uses |
runoff that is not collected for reuse
excess deep percolation
weed/phreatophyte ET
evaporation from water in canals or reservoirs
canal seepage or spill over |
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Low flow = |
low friction = high pressure |
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High flow = |
high friction = low pressure |
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3 units of energy |
Elevation, pressure, velocity head |
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Central Valley Project (CVP) |
Federal Project
Shasta lake, claire engle lake, tehama-colusa canal, folsom lake, folsom canal, millerton lake, madera canal, friant-kern canal, Delta-Mendota canal, san felipe unit |
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Coalinga canal project |
Federal |
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Colorado River project |
Federal
All-American Canal, Coachella Canal |
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California Aqueduct project |
Federal/State
Federal: part of sections as far south as kettleman city
State: Edmonston Pumping Plant |
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Oroville Dam & reservoir project |
state water project (SWP) |
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Feather River Project |
State Water Project (SWP) |
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North Bay Aqueduct |
SWP |
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South Bay Aqueduct |
State Water Project (SWP) |
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Delta Intake |
SWP |
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San Francisco-Bay Area Project |
Local
Mokelumne Aqueduct
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and Aqueduct
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Southern California Project |
Local project
LA Aqueduct, Colorado River Aqueduct (to LA), San Diego Aqueducts (continuation of Colorado river aqueduct going to San Diego) |
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Urban total consumptive water use (%) |
9% |
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Agriculture total consumptive water use (%) |
38% |
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Environmental total consumptive water use (%) |
38% |
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Miscellaneous total consumptive water use (%) |
15% |
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Urban portion of developed water supply (%) |
19% |
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Agriculture portion of Developed water supply (%) |
81% |
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Developed water supply (Ag + Urban) |
29.9 MAF/year |
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Approximate total consumptive use |
63.5 MAF/year |
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What law grants sufficient water to achieve the federal governments purpose in establishing a reservation? |
Federal Reserve Water Right |
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Critical Flow Device |
A device that allows for the flow rate to remain constant for every corresponding depth
1 flow rate = 1 corresponding depth |
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Pueblo Water Rights |
right is limited to reasonable and beneficial use
water must be used within its own watershed
amount of the right can grow as population increases or through annexation
based on spanish law |
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Allows existing water rights or allocations to be modified as conditions change |
Public Trust Doctrine |
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T/F: Although the SWP has contracts to deliver 4 million acre-feet/year, it is presently able to deliver less than this in a wet year |
True |
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T/F: Ground water overdraft can cause subsidence and reduced aquifer storage capacity |
True |
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T/F: Pressure in a pipe increases as the flow rate increases |
False; As flow rate increases, the velocity increases, increasing the friction and therefore reducing the pressure |
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T/F: CA ground water management legislation is a model for groundwater management legislation in other western states |
False; CA is largely without groundwater management legislation |
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Which administration raised prices for CVP water from $3.50 to $35-$45 per acre-foot? |
George Bush Administration |
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Who makes decisions on water quality and quantity? |
SWRCB - State Water Resources Control Board |
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Who implements the decisions made by the State Water Resources Control Board? |
DWR - Department of Water Resources |
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California's water use (normal year) exceeds its supply by 1.5 MAF. This shortage is made up by_____ |
Ground Water overdraft |
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Which institution is responsible for record keeping of crops, acreage, and water use? (State or federal)? |
Department of Water Resources (DWR)
State institution |
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Irrigation District: power and responsibilities |
Local institution
must operate as non-profit agency, but can maintain a cash reserve
has power to tax and condemn property
Holds water rights for member farmers
Formation is authorized by the Wright act of 1887 |
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Appropriative Water rights |
Use it or lose it
long term storage OK
Can be sold or transferred
surface or ground water
specific withdrawal amounts and time |
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Riparian Water Rights |
English common law
East coast
land ownership
water must be used within watershed it was drawn from
volume of right not quantified
right to portion of supply, not specific amount (must share)
not lost if unused
not allowed to store longer than 30 days |
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California Aqueduct |
State developed project |
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Delta-Mendota Canal |
Federally developed water project
(part of CVP) |
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What is based on Roman law? |
Public trust doctrine |
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Which water right has a balance between consumptive and in-stream uses |
public trust doctrine |
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which water right declares that all holders share in the shortage of a drought? |
riparian rights |
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who wanted to stop federal funding of unjustified western water projects? |
Jimmy Carter |
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T/F: Under the public trust doctrine, the SWRCB must balance all beneficial uses of bay-Delta waters, including fishery and other in-stream users |
True |
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T/F: Water from state water projects is generally less expensive than water from Federal Projects |
False |
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T/F: The Central Valley town of Huron, California experiences chronic poverty in spite of full employment |
True |
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T/F: CALFED is a collection of federal and state agencies who cooperate and coordinate their activities in the owens river valley and mono lake region |
False; CALFED is focused on the Bay-Delta Region |
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Colorado River Aqueduct (state, local, or federal)? |
local; provides water to LA and San Diego counties |
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United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) |
Federal developer of dams, canals, irrigation projects
developed and operates CVP
Subsidized construction of water projects because of benefits provided for all society (improved tax base in West)
Repayment by water users required
acreage limitations |
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EPA - Environmental Protection Agency |
safe drinking water act
Clean water act |
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Who built CA's first dam of significant size? |
Henry Miller |
