Mideast Final 2

Front 1

Endogamous Marriage Strategies?

Back 1

marriage within the family line that is used as a strategy for keeping families together as a unit for survival

Front 2

Endogamous Marriage Strategies result in ?

Back 2

1. large families 2. reinforce traditions 3. keep the wealth within the family 4. clans fragment the state;

Front 3

Endogamous Marriage Strategies are indicative of?

Back 3

indicative of 1. economic strife 2. political uncertainty 3. competition for resources 4. harsh environments

Front 4

Unilineal Descent Groups/Patrilineal? In society?

Back 4

decent traced through the father thus the wealth flows through the elder males and is not divided and produces group solidarity; building block of arab politics

Front 5

Ethnonational Groups results in ? two features?

Back 5

results in fragmenting the state (ex: Iran); 1. cultural differences such as ethnicity 2. national differences via political influences

Front 6

Institutional Dualism relies on?

Back 6

relies in shari’sh for personal guidance but is westernized in government (accomodationist)

Front 7

Rentier State? Results in ? example?

Back 7

families that have obtained wealth via some raw resource (oil) subsidize housing/food/etc thus the population is sated an does not push for legislative involvement; results in population growth; Saudia Arabia is an example

Front 8

Praetorianism

Back 8

military intervention in government

Front 9

Single Party/ Personalistic

Back 9

single party becomes the image of the state (sadam: authoritarian)

Front 10

Arab Gulf/ North Africa/ Levant

Back 10

arab gulf is really the persian gulf

Front 11

Traditional Monarchies

Back 11

follow arab tradition of kingship

Front 12

Parliamentary monarchies

Back 12

kingship and legislature (majlis)

Front 13

Presidential/ Authoritarian (Nationalist Revolutionary Republics) emerges from? Examples?

Back 13

emerges from states that promote arab nationalism, military overthrows and revolutions; ba;th and nassirism

Front 14

Parliamentary systems examples?

Back 14

Turkey, Israel, and iran

Front 15

Wali Faqih/

Back 15

top spiritual leader that is supposed to mediate between the groups of government; assisted by the council of guardians

Front 16

Marja (exemplar)

Front 17

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (02/1979-06/1989)

Back 17

first wali faqih of iran

Front 18

Ayatollah Khamenei (06/1989- current)

Back 18

current wali faqih of iran

Front 19

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (08/2005-current)

Back 19

current president of iran; shi’ah literalist (12 imam)

Front 20

Council of Guardians (6/6) composed of? Appointed by? Functions?

Back 20

6 ullema and 6 faquaha; appointed by the wali faqih; oversees the elections and makes sure the applicants are “islamic enough” thus results in increasing conservatism

Front 21

Ullema

Back 21

Islamic intellectuals

Front 22

Faquaha

Back 22

scholars in Islamic law

Front 23

Council of Experts (83)

Back 23

legislature made of religious leaders (mujtahids) that are elected to interpret the law and choose the next wali faqih

Front 24

Committee to Determine the Expediency of the Public Order (13)

Back 24

appointed by the wali faqih and settle disagreements between the council of experts and council of guardians

Front 25

Khomeini’s description of the Iranian government’s hierarchy?

Back 25

1. wali faqih 2. council of guardians 3. council of experts 4. president 5. committee to determine the expediency of the public order

Front 26

Majlis al-Shura al-Islami

Back 26

legislature (Islamic, consultative)

Front 27

Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (IRGC)

Back 27

revolutionary guard that is currently thought to have too much control

Front 28

Hossein Mousavi

Back 28

competed with ahmadinejad for the 2005 presidential election in Iran

Front 29

Iran’s ethnonational groups

Back 29

1. shi’ah (65%) 2. sunni 3. kurds

Front 30

Ba’th party position?

Back 30

1. “unity” (arab) 2. “freedom” (from imperialism and economic deprivation) 3. “socialism” (people own the property but the gov owns the major industry)

Front 31

Shura

Back 31

“consultations” designed to bring the populations into the monarchies; some are elected and some are chosen and represent the major groups of the population

Front 32

Arab kingships

Back 32

1. capable of ruling 2. religious leaders can challenge because the kinship is based on islam 3. no set selection process and family members can easily replace 4. entirely patrilineal

Front 33

traditional constitution

Back 33

tightly tied to the shari’ah and traditional islam

Front 34

accommodationist constitutions

Back 34

politics westernized but personal matters follow the shari’ah

Front 35

progressive constitution? Examples?

Back 35

religion and state are separate; seria Algeria (used to be iraq)

Front 36

poverty is a function of? Results in ?

Back 36

1. increased population 2. decreased woman’s reproductive rights; 1. larger families 2. decreased college education

Front 37

alawi

Back 37

7 imam ismailli shi’ah