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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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8000 BCE |
Beginnings of Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent (along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- modern day Iraq) |
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3000 BCE |
Beginnings of Bronze Age (made of tin and copper so it forced long distance trade) and Mesopotamian City-States (independent not a unified empire, wheel, sail, plow, base-60 system) |
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1800 BCE |
Hammurabi’s Code (used to unify Mesopotamia, Eye for Eye, written in cuneiform) |
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1300 BCE |
Iron Age (use of iron weapons and farming tools gave the civilizations who used iron an advantage, started in Anatolia (modern day Turkey) with the Hittites and then the Assyrians) |
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1000 BCE |
Construction of King Solomon’s Temple (built in Jerusalem, seen as legitimizing Judaism, monotheistic, Torah-religious text) |
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550 BCE |
Beginnings of the Persian Empire (started by Cyrus the Great, stretched from Greece to India and North Africa, Darius I set up satraps (governors to run the empire in districts), Zoroastrian but tolerant of other faiths) |
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622 CE |
Founding of Islam (the Hijra-when Muhammad fled Mecca to Yathrib (later renamed Medina) |
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661-750 CE |
Umayyad Caliphate (Islamic Empire that unified Saudi Arabia, Syria, Palestine, North Africa, and southern Spain) |
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750-1258 |
Abbasid Caliphate (flourishing of Islamic culture- Baghdad (capital) cosmopolitan) |
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1071 |
Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine, the beginning of the end of for the BE) |
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1095 |
1st Crusade (call by Pope Urban II for a return of the Holy Land (Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria) to Christian control) |
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1258 |
Mongols sack Baghdad (end of Abbasid Caliphate) |
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1453 |
Ottomans capture Constantinople and rename it Istanbul (end of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic control over entire Middle East, one of the Gunpowder Empires) |
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1501-1736 |
Safavid Empire (Shi’a, Persian ethnically, centered out of Iran, started by Ismail, one of the Gunpowder Empires) |
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1590 |
Revolt in the Ottoman Empire (gave the Janissaries-young Christian boys who were taken to receive military training- more power politically, they abolished the devshirme system and thorough training so their superior military skills deteriorated) |
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1801 |
Muhammad Ali takes power in Egypt (after Napoleon’s forces are pushed out, he modernizes Egypt, reorganizes military, conscription of peasants, cash crop cotton, builds railroads) |
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1839 |
Tanzimat Reforms in the Ottoman Empire ( reorganization of the weakening Ottoman Empire, western schools and styles, more secular law code |
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1869 |
Suez Canal opens (by the time of the opening mostly owned by French and British businesses, shortened the time of travel significantly between Europe and India (South Asia), increased world trade |
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1948 |
Suez Canal opens (by the time of the opening mostly owned by French and British businesses, shortened the time of travel significantly between Europe and India (South Asia), increased world trade |
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1956 |
Nationalization of Suez Canal (Egyptian President Nasser took control of the Suez Canal from Britain and France to gain money to build the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, Israel, Britain, and France invaded the canal zone, the UN and US made them leave, and Egypt maintained control) |
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1960 |
formation of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, promotes collective interest of oil rich nations- one of which is the support of Palestine Arabs against Israel, at times has stopped the flow of oil to the US for its support of Israel) |
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1967 |
Six-Day War (preemptive strike by Israel against Egypt and Syria, gave Israel control over Arab territory of the West Bank, Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula) |
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1979 |
Iranian Revolution (in part because of covert American intervention to help the Shah Pahlavi retain his throne, led by a Shi’ite cleric, Ayatollah Khomeini, established an anti-western, conservative Islamic Republic) |
Iranian Revolution (in part because of covert American intervention to help the Shah Pahlavi retain his throne, led by a Shi’ite cleric, Ayatollah Khomeini, established an anti-western, conservative Islamic Republic)
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1987 |
1st Palestinian Intifada(a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, ends with the Oslo Accords in 1993 which was a series of agreements between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasar Arafat and the Israeli government) |
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1991 |
Persian Gulf War (Iraq led by Saddam Husain invaded Kuwait, Iraq was defeated decisively and quickly by coalition forces led by the US) |
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2001 |
War of Terror (U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq (Second Persian Gulf War) overthrew Saddam Husain) |
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2011 |
Arab Spring” democracy movement (democratic uprisings arose independently but spread through the Arab world, started in Tunisia and quickly spread to Egypt, Libya, Syria (still fighting the civil war), Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan) |
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