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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shah Ismail |
Founded the Safavid Empire, brought Iran Iraq and some of Turkey under his control. Made Safavid Shi'a. Defeated by Selim. Quizilibash and "invincible" army. |
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Sultan Selim I |
(Ottoman Ruler) Killed his father and brothers to be king. Defeated Ismail with his infratry. Brought syria Egypt and Palenstine under Ottoman Rule. Did not take all of Safavid empire for fear of unitiy under Shi'a and Sufi authority |
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Sultan Suleiman I |
(Ottoman Ruler) son of Selim. Conquered Hungary, north africa, iraq. His rule marks the beginning of the consolidation period in Ottoman Empire. Rebuilt Istanbul, rise of the beaucratic class, patronizes the arts, creates administrative laws. Falls in love with his concubine Roxelana, marries her giving her son an unfair advantage, start of the valide sultan tradition. |
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Sultan Mahmud II |
(Ottoman Ruler) in power at time of decline. Jannisarries and elites have too much control. Manipulates nobels and public into turning against the Jannisarries, destroys them. Modernizes the army, makes it more disciplined, (standing army?) centralizes sultans power, puts in place modernizing reforms (like dress) |
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Sultan Abdul Hamid II |
(Ottoman Ruler- late 1800's/early 1900s). Tanzimat reaches its peak. Progressive and Despot. Modernizes education (westnerizes). Uses Pan-Islam rhetoric to solidify his internal power. Makes concessions to Germany lots of western intervention. Eventually overthrown by young turks. Appointed Hashemite dynasty founder. |
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Mehmet Ali |
(Egyptian Ruler- mid 1800s) "father of modern Egypt"- wanted to take over Ottoman- so modernizes and consolidates power within Egypt, builds a large peasant army based off the French Revolution, brings in French generals, poors money into military, makes it crazy good. Builds a new beaucractic governmental structure, builds modern schools, creates cotton monopoly. Europe and The Ottoman eventually defeat him. |
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Khedive Ismail |
(Egyptian Ruler-aka Ismail Pasha) Grandson of Mehmet. Obsessed with modernization and westernization. Builds western beaucratic class. Spending spree- transforms Cairo into "Paris". Tries to conquer Ethiopia, fails looses all his money when cotton boom ends. Massive debt, sells Suez to Brits, sells future taxes to Europe. Britain and France step in and take over economy, the colonization of Egypt is complete. |
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Muhammad Abduh |
Founding Fathers of Islamic Modernism Egyptian jurist. Argued Muslims should not just rely on texts but had to use reason. Criticized those who blindly followed tradition. Preached Islamic superiority and unity, wanted the return of the "pristine" old Islamic faith, this would provide ability to put modernity and Islam together. |
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Amhed Urabi |
colonel in Egyptian Army-very smart and talented. Not allowed to move up in the ranks because Egyptian and not European, as Ismail had been giving preference to Europeans. Urabi and his officers revolt- turns into nationalist revolt, Egypt is for Egyptians. Urabi controls army. Ends when British come in and take over. |
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Huda Sha'arawi |
Feminist and nationalist leader in Egypt. Founded Egyptian feminist union. Brought women into public sphere and into nationalist protests. Started the "unveiling" movement. |
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Mustafa Kemal Ataturki |
(Turkey) Member of young turks, helped to overthrow Hamid. Helped establish Turkey and became its first president. Wanted to modernize, secularize, westernize. Wanted western dress and unveiling, accused of heavy westernism. |
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Reza Shah Pahalvi |
(Iran Shah from 20s-41) modernizes Iran at gun point. Dictator , highly secular, destroys shrines, bans Islamic law and dress, centralized power, suppressed tribes, builds massive army. Deposed by Britain and France in 41' in favor of his son. |
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Mohammad Reza Shah |
(Pahalvi's son- Iranian dictator) 41'-79'. Contuined the reform policies of his father, a bit more moderate but just as evil. Crowned himself "king of kings" and openly celebrated Persian monarchy. Poverty in the lower class rampant, corruption, discontent. Brutal suppressive regime, violence and imprisionment. deposed in 79' revolution. |
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Mohhamed Mossadiq |
(Iran's hope) nice elderly figure, highly respected by youth and elders. Devoted to Iranian independence, wanted to push out imperial influence. Seizes on the anger over oil concessions and demands independence. In 1953 CIA (over fear of loosing oil concessions) orchestrates coup arrests him, squashes democracy. |
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini |
Leader of Islamic revolution. Took over as leader after Reza deposed. Very conservative, obsessed with making Iran very Shi'a again. Thought Iran was slave to western Ideals. Became a authoritarian, made Iran a religious state. |
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Ali Shariat |
(Iran intellectual) founded "sociology of religion". Ideology behind revolution. A good society is one who can conform to Islamic law and values, government should be to guide towards these values and to fight for social justice. |
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Gamal Nasser |
President of Egypt, took over after the officers coup. Implemented modernizing reforms, consolidated his power. Nationalist and pan arab unity. Victory in the Suez Canal. The defeat of the 67' war lead to his popularity decline. |
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Anwar Saddat |
President after Nasser. Got lots of foreign investors which hurt his popularity. Made peace with Israel and recognized them as country in 79 and was assassinated in 83 because of this. |
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Hafiz al-Assad |
(Syria)President of Syria from 71-2000. He was a minister, resurrected the Ba'ath party. Lost the Golan Heights to Israel in the 67 war seized power in 71. Built the military up, arrested and killed decentors, aided radical muslim groups, fought with Saddam Hussein. |
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King Fasil I |
(Iraq) Part of the Hashemite family. Advanced Arab nationalism in WWI. First king of Syria, then realized French were going to invade, got exiled. British (to ease tensions over colonial influence in Iraq) appointed Fasil as king he was popular. Maintained Arab unity while helping the Brits, managed to get Iraqi independence by 1932. |
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King Hussein |
(Jordan) Asserted Jordian independence in 56'. Tried to secure peace with Isreal in 94. Built economic and industrial infrastructure, vastly improved Jordan. Lost some power to the PLO. Refused to join war of 73'. Put is son in power and then died |
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Adb al-Karim Qasim |
(Iraq) overthrew Iraqi monarchy in 58' and became prime minster. Not conservative and very pro wester. Suspended organized political activity, repressed those who competed with him. Rule supported by the army. Overthrown in 63' and was killed. |
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Saddam Hussein |
(Iraq) Did a lot to modernize at first, infrastructure industry, healthcare and education. Nationalized oil (lots of money) developed chemical weapons. Ruthless special police, tortured raped,murder to secure power. Prez in 79'.Invaded Iran in 80 lost money, invaded Kuwait in 90s for money. US invaded after 911 cause they said he help Osama ended his regime. |
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King Abdul Aziz al-Saud |
(Saudi Arabia) first monarch and founder of Saudi Arabia after he conquered pensiual, founded in 32'. Discovered oil in 38', large scale oil production. Lots of kids, very conservative and religious, made Saudi Arabia politics concerned heavily with conservative Islam. |
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Hassan al-Banna |
(Egypt) founded the Muslim Brotherhood. Goal of expelling Brits and reestablishing Islam worldwide-halt secularism. Was assassinated in 48' after MB gained support, Farouks regime was too blame. |
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Sayyid Qutb |
(Egypt) Intellectual, hated the west, hated the jews, very conservative, pan-Islamist, believed Islam to be superior. Executed by Nasser in 66'. |
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Theodore Herzl |
(Israel) one of the founders of political Zionism. Regarded antisemistim as a social problem that could only be solved by a Jewish state. Wrote and gained support, organized the first zionist conference and newspaper. |
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Chaim Weizman |
Was the creator of chemical weapons that helped the Brits in WWI, very respected, convinced British to be on the zionist side, responsible for Balfour declaration. First president of Israel. |
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David Ben Gourian |
Primary founder of Israel, first prime minister. Charismatic. Was defense minter before, built strong army. Began peace talks and died. |
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Yitzhak Rabin |
Israels 5th prime minister. Famous for peace talks with Arafat. Prime minster in 74'. in 93' signed PLO accords, and signed treaty with King Hussein of Jordan. Assassinated in 95' by Israeli extremist. |
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Menachem Begin |
Prime minister of Isreal (77-83) Negotiated peace with Anwar Saddat. Invaded Lebanon to break PLO power in 82, lots of civilian death, popular opinion turned against him and Israel, stepped down in 83. |
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Amin al-Husseini |
Prominant arab advocate during mandatory Palestine. anti-semite. Supported Germany in WWII |
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Yasser Arafat |
Leader of the PLO until 2004. Signed Oslo accords and camp david summit, never succeeded with peace. |
