Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Byzantines |
Roman Emperor run by Constantinople. Christianity (once an obscure Jewish sect) as Rome's official religion |
|
|
Ctesiphon |
was the imperial capital of the Parthian Empire and the Sasanian Empire. It was one of the great cities of late ancient Mesopotamia |
|
|
Mecca |
As the birthplace of Muhammad and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran. Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam |
|
|
Muhammad |
unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. Believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a messenger and prophet of God, Muhammad is almost universally[n 1] considered by Muslims as the last prophet sent by God to mankind.[4][n 2]While non-Muslims generally regard Muhammad as the founder of Islam,[5] |
|
|
Khadijah |
first wife of Muhammad. |
|
|
Hejra |
a carefully planned migration Mecca to Medina |
|
|
Battle of Badr |
was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca. |
|
|
Muslims |
a person who follows the religion of Islam, a n based on the Quran. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. |
|
|
djimmis |
Protected communities for non-muslims: civil obedience, special taxation, limitation of political independence, but could worship freely. |
|
|
Umma |
In Arabic. religious community Or Ancient City in Sumer |
|
|
The Five Pillars of Islam |
Shahadah, profession of faith Salah, prayer/ direct relationship with God Zakat, almsgiving/ social responsibility Sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan/ Personal worship Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah/ unity of the world. |
|
|
1st Misconception about Islam |
Islam and Exotic Religion: Is not an exotic religion and embodies the same notions society, history, divine will, and personal responsibility as Jews and Christians. |
|
|
2nd Misconception about Islam |
Islam as a Militant Religion: The scriptures can be see in in different ways, in regards to God is Good for all, but does not condemn muslims to hurt non-muslims. People converted for gains and riches. |
|
|
3rd Misconception about Islam |
Islam as an intolerant Religion: There is no historical record to support the Western image that Islam is intolerable compared to traditional Christianity. Minorities were still allowed to practice religion under protection, but taxed. |
|
|
4th Misconception about Islam |
Islam is a sexist Religion: Is more in part a folk practice rather than part of Islam. These are traditional Middle East concerns from the Koran. Can be seen as emphasizing equality. |
|
|
5th Misconception about Islam |
Islam is an ultraconservative Religion: It challenges Islamic modernist, but the scriptures date back earlier than the Koran and were radical during that time. |
|
|
Zorastrianism |
The belief of a supreme God, who was the center of goodness, lord of life and wisdom, and would triumph over evil. |
|
|
Geographic features in the Middle East |
Africa to Eurasia, and between the Mediterranean world and the Asia of India and China.
Central Land Madd of the Middle East- Egypt Turkey, Iran.
|
|
|
Umar |
most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. second caliph Extensive military conquest |
|
|
Jizya |
Taxes imposed on non-muslims |
|
|
Ali |
Last of the Orthodox Caliphs His supporters proclaimed him Caliph after they murdered Uthman |
|
|
Kharijites |
clan of the Ansar tribe against Ali |
|
|
In what ways does Islam represent a continuum of Judaism and Christianity. What what does it not. |
-Is an outgrowth of the same tradition that encompasses Jesus and the Old Testament prophets. or the Quran refers to the bible. -Both recognize the same God, the patriarchs, prophets, and originated among Semitic-speaking peoples of Middle East.
differences are places of worship, and traditions. |
|
|
Mohammed's role as Gods messenger |
loyalty to him source of unity stopped tribute payments resumed freedom of action |
|
|
Abu Bakr |
Founded the Caliphate, suppression of Ridda Restoration of the five pillars, (Zakah) Islamation of the Hijaz/ domination or Arab peninsular |
|
|
Uthman |
Continued policy of expansion 3rd Caliph internal administration was corrupted (family) |
|
|
Sunnah |
is the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims |
|
|
Muawiya |
Proclaimed himself Caliph in 660. |
|
|
Mumluk |
Slave dynasty or Slave soldiers |
|
|
Riddah |
series of politico-religious uprisings in various parts of Arabia in about during the caliphate of Abu Bakr |
|
|
Caliph |
messenger and protector of faith |
|
|
Barmakids |
no |
|
|
Imam |
Islamic leadership position. a worship leader of a mosque and Muslim community by Sunni Muslims. |
|
|
Sasanids |
was the last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam |
|
|
Ka'ba |
The black stone in Mecca worshiped |
|
|
Quraish |
were a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and itsKa'aba |
|
|
Bedouins |
ethnic group, descended from nomads |
|
|
Medina |
Mohammadds followers fled here. known as Hejra.
Settle feud between them |
|
|
Zakah |
compassion of Islam Moral obligation to aid the disadvantage |
|
|
Shariah |
no |
|
|
Al-Hajj |
no |
|
|
Khalid Ibn-Walid |
A companion of Muhammad |
|
|
Shi' at Ali |
Followers of Ali |
|
|
Jihad |
Religious duty of Muslims |
|
|
Sufis |
Inner mystical dimension of Islam. Flowered Islamic religion. |
|
|
Battle of Hittin |
-The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war -Took Jerusalem |
|
|
Musa ibn Nusair |
Governor and general under Umayyad |
|
|
Charles Martel |
Leader of France Stopped the Ummayed army from expanding into France |
|
|
Abu al Abas |
One of the Seven Saints of the city |
|
|
Hadith |
meaning the corpus of the reports of the teachings, deeds and sayings of the Islamic prophetMuhammad |
