Middle East History

Front 1

partition

Back 1

a country with different government's being divided into parts

Front 2

Battle of Gallipoli

Back 2

A British and French operation to capture Istanbul. Their plan failed. This was known as a major win for the Turks but looked bad toward the Allies.

Front 3

Palestine

Back 3

Located next to Jordan, on the Mediterranean, below Syria. Arabs and Zionist Jews fought over who gained control because they both claimed it as their homeland.

Front 4

Israel

Back 4

Located in the same place as Palestine, composed of Jerusalem, the birth place of the Jews.

Front 5

Jewish Homeland

Back 5

The Jews wanted to build a Jewish state on the same land (land that they have owned since Biblical times and the land the British promised them)

Front 6

King Hussein (1915)

Back 6

Was the King of Jordan and during the Arab revolt, he asked for help from the British and America when pro-Nasser forces attacked his government.

Front 7

Arab Revolt (1916)

Back 7

Violence that broke out between the Christians and a huge Muslim population with the UAR.

Front 8

Balfour Declaration

Back 8

A letter from the British to the English Zionists promising Great Britain's help toward the Jews in establishing a national home for the Jewish people.

Front 9

Zionism

Back 9

Believing in the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel.

Front 10

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Back 10

The agreement between the British and the French to divide the defeated Ottoman Empire among themselves.

Front 11

Mandate System

Back 11

Created by the League of Nations, and was a law that stated certain countries could be transferred through the control of power between 2 countries.

Front 12

Bedouins / Arab Families

Back 12

Arabian ethnic group divided into tribes.

Front 13

The Torah

Back 13

Jewish bible

Front 14

The Pale (of Settlement)

Back 14

A region of Imperial Russia in which Jews could live there permanently.

Front 15

Pogroms

Back 15

Organized massacres of a minority group in Jewish communities.

Front 16

Bolsheviks

Back 16

The Communist party of the Soviet Union

Front 17

Jewish Migration (to Palestine)

Back 17

The Jews had nowhere else to go and when they went back to their "homeland" they were attacked by the Arabs. They relied on military force.

Front 18

Diaspora

Back 18

Jews living outside of Israel

Front 19

Dreyfus Affair (1894)

Back 19

Alfred Dreyfus, a French army officer, was convicted of the military court of being guilty for being a spy and was sent to prison because he was Jewish. This causes major uproar toward the French people.

Front 20

Der Judenstaat

Back 20

"The state of Jews"

Front 21

Theodor Herzl

Back 21

Led the Zionist movement and wanted the Jews to live in Palestine.

Front 22

Holocaust

Back 22

Persecution of Jews during the last years of WWII by the Germans under the leadership of Adolf Hitler which wiped out almost all the Jews on the planet.

Front 23

Religious Zionism

Back 23

Ideology that combines Zionism and Jewish religious faith

Front 24

Ethical Zionism

Back 24

Jewish ethics such as not eating pork, reading the torah, etc.

Front 25

Revisionist Zionism

Back 25

The ideology of the non-religious right in Israel

Front 26

Al Nakbah (1948, “The Catastrophe”)

Back 26

Palestinian Arabs left, fled, or were expelled from their homes.

Front 27

Gaza Government

Back 27

Was under Palestine national authority

Front 28

King Abdullah

Back 28

King of Saudi Arabia/Jordan

Front 29

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Back 29

An organization created by Palestinians to eliminate Israel and to create a Palestinian state.

Front 30

Six Day War (1967)

Back 30

Israel forces fought Iraq, Jordan, and Syria because they're "Arab neighbors". Israel got control of the Gaza strip and the Golan Heights and the West Bank.

Front 31

Yassar Arafat

Back 31

The PLO's major leader who vowed to use armed struggle to establish a Palestinian state.

Front 32

PLO Charter

Back 32

The document emphasizing Arab territory in Palestine. (Their constitution)

Front 33

Democratic Secular State

Back 33

A region of territory that has a democratic government and does not associate religion with their laws.

Front 34

Intifada

Back 34

Arab word that means "rebellion"

Front 35

Camp David Accords

Back 35

The 12 days of meetings at Camp David in Maryland resulted in the Camp David Accords and the basis of an Arab-Israel peace treaty.

Front 36

Algiers Declaration (1988)

Back 36

Statement written by a Palestinian poet and turned into the Palestinian Deceleration of Independence