Middle East Exam Flaschcards

Front 1

1. What is the most valuable resource in the Middle East:

Back 1

OIL

Front 2

2. What document established British support for the creation of Israel:

Back 2

Balfour Declaration

Front 3

3. Why was the nation of Israel created as a homeland for the Jews in Palestine in 1948:

Back 3

The United Nations voted to recognize the land as a separate Jewish state

Front 4

4. Why did the oil producing Arab nations in the Middle East proclaim an oil embargo on the
United States:

Back 4

Massive military aid the U.S. had sent to Israel during the 1973 war

Front 5

5. What are three consequences of Israel’s “state of military preparedness”:

Back 5

Required all civilians to participate in military service
Spent a large amount of their budget on the military
Caused wars so they could get the spoils of conflict

Front 6

6. What are three views of Palestinians living in the occupied territories:

Back 6

It is a humiliation of race, culture, religion, and land.
The Zionist settlers do not belong.
Israeli occupation causes desperate people to do desperate things.

Front 7

7. What did Yassir Arafat fight for:

Back 7

an independent Arab-Palestinian state

Front 8

8. What did the PLO use as its original means of dealing with the Arab-Israeli situation:

Back 8

Terrorism

Front 9

9. U. N. Resolutions 242 tried to do all of the following:

Back 9

withdraw Israeli troops from occupied areas

Front 10

10. Why do Islamic fundamentalist terrorists attack the United States:

Back 10

the United States is an ally of Israel and moderate Arab countries

Front 11

11. Yassir Arafat displayed what three characteristics?

Back 11

Wanting Peace
Showing Diplomacy
Using terrorist tactics

Front 12

Define:
12. Palestine

Back 12

Homeland of the Arabs

Front 13

Define: 13. Israel

Back 13

Homeland of the Jews

Front 14

Define: 14. United States

Back 14

Country which is involved in the Middle East, even though it is not in the Middle East

Front 15

Define:15. Six Day War 1967

Back 15

Six Day War in 1967: War Israel won... Doubled territory of Israel

Front 16

Define:16. UN Partition Plan

Back 16

Event considered by the Arabs to be the cause of the first Arab-Israeli War

Front 17

Define:17. Zionism

Back 17

Movement to create a homeland for the Jews

Front 18

Define:18. Nationalism

Back 18

Excessive pride in a nation

Front 19

Define:19. Refugee

Back 19

One who flees or is expelled from their home by force or in order to be safe.

Front 20

20) Which term describes Jewish people who wanted to establish an independent Jewish state in the
traditional homeland?

Back 20

Zionists

Front 21

What are three things that describe the intended result of the partition of Palestine by the UN in 1947:

Back 21

Israel would be a sovereign nation.
Palestine would be a sovereign nation.
Jerusalem would be an international city.

Front 22

22) What are three factors contributed to the creation of the State of Israel in 1948:

Back 22

effects of the Holocaust.
growing Jewish population in Palestine.
support for Zionism.

Front 23

23) What issue did the assassinations of Yitzhak Rabin and Anwar Sadat demonstrate?

Back 23

Some citizens within their own countries did not support compromise.

Front 24

24) What are three are obstacles to an independent Palestinian state:

Back 24

status of Jerusalem.
Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza.
US alliance with the Israelis.

Front 25

25) What are three statements that reflect the Arab-Israeli relationship since 1947:

Back 25

Israel has defeated Arab countries in numerous wars since gaining its independence.
Despite a difficult history, Israel has a stable peace with several Arab nations today.
U.S. support for Israel has cause anti-American feelings in Arab nations.

Front 26

26) What did the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1979 by Egypt and Israel indicate?

Back 26

There were opportunities for peaceful solutions in the Middle East.

Front 27

29) What are three things that have undermined the Palestinians attempts at peace:

Back 27

Palestinian Authority and Hamas are competing for political control.
Hezbollah and Hamas are funded by Iran and Syria.
The borders between the West Bank and Gaza are disconnected.

Front 28

31) Who led the Iranian Revolution?

Back 28

Ayatollah Khomeini

Front 29

32) What was the result of the Iranian Revolution of 1979?

Back 29

the rise of Islamic fundamentalism

Front 30

33) What do the actions of most Islamic fundamentalists support?

Back 30

ultra conservative interpretations of the Koran

Front 31

34) Why did Iranian students take Americans hostage in 1979?

Back 31

They wanted the Shah sent back to Iran so he could be put on trial.

Front 32

35) What are three obstacles in establishing a democratic government in Iraq:

Back 32

relationship between the Sunni and Shi'ite
interference by terrorist organizations
history of authoritarian rule

Front 33

37) What is most likely to happen to Middle Eastern nations if there is a global reduction in oil dependence?

Back 33

They would face difficult economic adjustments.

Front 34

38) For what is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) best known?

Back 34

Establishing production quotas to control the price of oil

Front 35

39) What are three characteristics shared by Judaism and Islam:

Back 35

They view Abraham as the patriarch
Both view Jerusalem as a holy city
Both trace their historical roots to the Middle East

Front 36

40) What are three things that continue to fuel terrorism in the Middle East:

Back 36

the Palestinian effort to establish a homeland
border issues between countries in the Middle East
involvement of Western nations