Middle East 1St Test

Front 1

Jihad:

Back 1

“6th pillar” “struggle” individuals that try to reform bad habits in practice of faith. Struggle for yourself in order to become a better person. God wants you to be happy and have a good life. it creates a straight path for you.

Front 2

Sunni Islam:

Back 2

90% of Muslims. They follow Sunna. They observe 5 pillars and practice rituals. They believe people should be elected to succeed Mohammad

Front 3

Shia Islam:

Back 3

minority. They believed in blood relatives to succeed Mohammad. Party of Ali.

Front 4

The Hajj (Hadj)

Back 4

: Muslims have to make a journey to Mecca at least one in their life.

Front 5

The Five Pillars of Faith (Be able to name and explain each one)

Back 5

1. Shahada: the proffesion of faith: “there is no god but God, and Mohammed is messenger of God”
2. Salah: Muslims must pray 5 times a day while facing in the direction of Mecca (in Saudi Arabia) and recide the above credo
3. Zakat: Muslims must give charity. (2.5%) to help poor
4. Sawm Muslims must fast during the daylight hours of the holy month of Ramadan
5. Hajj: Muslims must try to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once.

Front 6

Caliph:

Back 6

agent, representative, or deputy; in sunni islam, the line of successors to Muhammad.

Front 7

Abu BAKR:

Back 7

1st caliph. Muhammad’s friend that succeeded after him. He recaptured lost followers, solidified religion. He was successful. Picked by tribe. Lasted two years

Front 8

Umar:

Back 8

2nd caliph. Ten year reign. Continued Islams geographical expansions, moving into North Africa and Persia. He was then killed

Front 9

Uthman:

Back 9

3rd caliph: He is different. He came from another tribe so everyone in his goverment was family. Ali says this is not right. Uthmans people were Syrian. His tribe was Ummayad and he was the start of their dynasty. He got killed by Ali supporters. Ali didnt do anyting about it. He boosted trade. He reinforced Islam. He conquered a lot. He built mosques. Created a navy, issued islams first coins, found hotels for merchants. He cared for poor, widowed and orphaned. Water systems were improved. He increased zakat. He was killed by Ali supporters.

Front 10

The Umayyad Caliphs

Back 10

: Started with Uthman. They were in power for a very long time. Killed husayn (ali younder son). Mu’awiah started this dynasted based in Dmascus was know for building architecture.

Front 11

Karbala:

Back 11

The town in Iraq where husayn was killed on battle field

Front 12

Ashura:

Back 12

the 10th day of Islamic month of Huharam, marking for Shi’a Muslims the death of Hussain Muhammads grandson. This is the difference between Shia and Sunni/

Front 13

The European Enlightment

Back 13

The only thing you can know and prove are the things that are natural and and can prove with 5 sense. Everything else is superstition. World works on natural law and miracles dont happen. it causes education to change from religion to math, science. They now learn this world. invention.

Front 14

The Industrial Revolution

Back 14

The Replacement of production of muslce power with machine power. (factories) Men and women both work working. west can now produce a lot of goods. middle east bussiness goes down.

Front 15

The unity of Allah:

Back 15

God in Islam. There is only one and Mohammad is its messenger.

Front 16

Animism: “

Back 16

"spirit” they believe there are 2 dimensions. 1.: Physical: here now 2. Other world(spirits) dreaming. People animas, rocksm food. Everything has a spirit. You want to manipulate it.

Front 17

Totemism:

Back 17

symbol of clan. The spirit of a clan. Symbolic animal. Ex. Kaaba. Mohammad destroyed the totem things. Got rid of spirits.

Front 18

Shamanism

Back 18

?? survivor, he has passed in one way or another through Pain, Disease and Death.

Front 19

Caliph and the Caliphate:

Back 19

Islamic empire, successor to mohammad leader of the caliph.

Front 20

Hadith-Sunnah:

Back 20

records of Mohammad life. Collection of secondhand reports of his actions and opinion.

Front 21

Consensus

Back 21

: general agreement by relgious agreements

Front 22

Inference by analogy:

Back 22

is used rarely and only when no clear examples are found in the Qur’an or the hadith and there is no agreement or consensus on an issue.
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Front 23

The Prophet Muhammad:

Back 23

He wanted wealth to be shared with the whole community including the poor. He said there was only one God and Mohammad was his messenger. He created Islam. Women started to have power. He wanted to get rid of totems/got rid of spirits.

Front 24

Jizya

Back 24

: The substantially higher tax paid by Muslims to the caliphate. (Mohammad)

Front 25

Predestination in Islam (discussed in class, not in the reading)

Back 25

: God knows everything. He will decide everything for you. He is timeless and everywhere.
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Front 26

The House of Islam/The House of War

Back 26

straight path vs. struggle with yourself. god gave you this straight path and the struggle is to stay here, if your on house of Islam your not at war with yourself. Shariah

Front 27

Mecca:

Back 27

huge tourism. Believed in tribe and spirits. Islamic people lived there.

Front 28

Hegira:

Back 28

on the calander it is the month that Mohammad “emigration” to Medina in order to escape Mecca. He took all of his followers. He was there for four years and made money by raiding.

Front 29

Medina

Back 29

: where Mohammad took his followers to. He was able to get moneying by raiding.

Front 30

What does Islam actually mean?:

Back 30

peace, submission. Peace with god implies complete submission fo his will. He is the source of all purity and goodness. and peace implies the doing of good to fellow men.

Front 31

26. Islamic Fundamentalism

Back 31

FIve Pillars. There is one god. Muhammad is its messenger

Front 32

Dhimmi:

Back 32

a status that says you Jews/Christians use to be like by God but you messed it up. Islam is the only right way to go. They dont have the same rights as islam but cant be hurt. They still payed tax

Front 33

The Abbasid Caliphate

Back 33

Baghdad Dynasty

Front 34

Suleyman the Magnificent and the Turkish Empire

Back 34

Came from india and converted to Islam. They brought Islam back. They expanded and got control of Constanople(christians). All of middle East goes to Turks. They took over EuropeThey are located in trade routes. They traveled on Caravan. Very wealthy. He was 25 when he took throne. He learned from Alexander the great and was great on battlefield. He expanded. he eased and created more art. also the spread of coffee

Front 35

The Safavid Empire:

Back 35

he was able to compile relgion and political together. They devote their lives to church. The believed in a direct relationship with God. Shah Islami started the dynasty. He forced everyone to turn to Shia Islam. They were great with decorating building. They were great with decorating building. Emphasised learning of the art

Front 36

Mohammed Ali Pasha:

Back 36

??an Ottoman officer and was considered the father of modern Egypt. He was sent to Nile to push out Napoleons troop

Front 37

Analyze the reasons for conflict between Islam and the west.

Back 37

Both fear each other and misunderstand each other. Middle east nelieves that the westners have stolen, abused, taken their economy and trade and colonixation. CHeated them out of their goods. Western fear that if All of the arabs come together they will defat them like they have before.

Front 38

Explain the interdependency of the Middle East and the West.

Back 38

The relationship between the Middle East and The west has interdepency because they both need each other in order to survive politically and socially. middle east gives west oil and west gives them money and weaponry. Middle east fight each other and need the west to help them with weapons and protect them. West needs protection and oil. A lot of western people go to middle east $$$