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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Pepin? |
"the short," first king crowned by the pope, made the "donation of Pepin" that gave territory around Rome to the church which became papal states |
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Who was Charlemagne? |
Pepin's son, heir to the Frankish throne, made an empire and reunited much of the old roman empire, spent most of his life at war, pope leo 3 crowned him emperor of the romans |
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What is feudalism? |
the form of government that stressed alliances between monarchs and nobles, was based on land |
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What is a vassal? |
lesser lord that received land and pledged service to greater lord |
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What is a knight? |
mounted warrior that protected lords |
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What is a manor? |
district over which a lord rules |
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What is a fief? |
estates that lords granted to vassals |
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What is a serf? |
peasants that were bound to a manor, not slaves but couldn't leave manor without permission |
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Nobles and Church |
had as much power as monarch, each had their own courts, taxes, and armies |
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Who was Duke William? |
Was French, but took english throne when king Edward died without an heir, fought Edward's brother in law Harold to rule, took the first census (doomsday book) |
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Who was Henry II? |
brilliant strong king, strengthened courts and created jury, unified body of law |
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What is common law? |
legal system based on custom and court rulings, principals found in US law today |
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Who was King John? |
"Softsword," bad king that lost struggles to King Philip II of France and Pope Innocent III, was excommunicated and eventually forced to sign the Magna Carta |
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What is the Magna Carta? |
Great charter, first bill of rights, gave power to the people, nobles rights, and said monarch must obey the law |
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What is Parliament? |
Means to talk in French, name of the body that english rulers called on for advice |
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Who was Louis XI? |
Saint Louis, set up Parlement of Paris or supreme court of France, died in a crusade |
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Who was Philip IV? |
"fair,"set up estates general, got into trouble with pope Boniface VIII over taxing clergy |
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Crusades |
mostly peasants and knights, 8 total, caused less loyalty to christendom, signaled an end to medieval times, and started inquisitions, which killed heretics |
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Estates General |
representative government body made of 3 estates- church, nobles, and middle class workers |
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Black Death |
started with Chinese rats and fleas, caused persecution of jews and distrust of the church |
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100 Years War |
between England and France, four stages, won by France thanks to Joan of Arc |
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Joan of Arc |
Heard voices from God, helped Charles VII become king, won battle of Orleans and was burned at the stake, canonized in 1920 |
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Middle Ages Education |
wealthy sons received education in cities, learned liberal arts, theology, and scholasticism |
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Thomas Aquinas |
combined faith and reason, showed that God rules over an orderly universe |
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Scholasticism |
tried to solve the conflict between faith and reason, used reason to support christianity, was supported by Thomas Aquinas |
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Vernacular |
everyday language of ordinary people |
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Gothic art |
romanesque, high pillars and ceilings, buttresses for support outside, stained glass windows |
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Pope Urban II |
set the christian holy war in motion to reclaim holy land from muslim infidels |
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Pope Gregory VII |
determined to separate church from secular world, banned emperors from appointing bishops |
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Concordat of Worms 1122 |
emperors were angered by pope Gregory VII because they claimed they had the right to appoint bishops, was resolved by pope appointing bishops and emperors granting fiefs |
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Pope Innocent III |
reinforced concordat of worms when he excommunicated King John of England and Philip II of France |
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Pope Boniface VIII |
sent the papal bull to Philip IV of France, brought church above state because Philip wanted to tax the church |
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Babylonian Captivity |
papacy resided in France for 60+ years |
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Great Schism |
reformers elected Pope Urban VI to rule from Rome but France elected Clement VII as an antipope |
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Council of Constance |
the council that ended the great schism |
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Fjord |
a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs |
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European Union |
A group of European countries that participates in the world economy as one unit and operates under the euro |
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NATO |
organization formed in 1949 with the purpose of collective defense |
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Exclave |
a portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by a territory of others |
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Ghetto |
a part of a city occupied by a minority |
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Constitutional Monarchy |
form of government in which a king or queen acts as head of state |
